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	<title>Vietnam category &#8211; Quêhươngtôi</title>
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	<title>Vietnam category &#8211; Quêhươngtôi</title>
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		<title>Cap Saint Jacques (Vũng Tàu)</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 16:37:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Sites touristiques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tourisme]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Villes]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Vũng Tàu (Cap Saint Jacques) Version française Version anglaise Galerie des photos &#160; Lâu lắm rồi không có ra Vũng Tàu vi chỉ nhớ có một thời  các bãi biển ở nơi nầy lắm dơ khi mình mới trở về</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/cap-saint-jacques-vung-tau/">Cap Saint Jacques (Vũng Tàu)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-59009 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/IMG_3550-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/IMG_3550-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/IMG_3550-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/IMG_3550.jpg 878w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff6600;">Vũng Tàu (Cap Saint Jacques)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="#version_fra">Version française</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></p>
<p><a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Lâu lắm rồi không có ra Vũng Tàu vi chỉ nhớ có một thời  các bãi biển ở nơi nầy lắm dơ khi mình mới trở về Việt Nam lần đầu. Từ đó  để lại cho mình một ấn tượng không tốt chi cho mấy. Nay trở lại cùng anh bạn quen từ thưở nhỏ  thì chỉ có hai ngày trước Tết 2026 thì tụi nầy cảm thấy thành phố nầy  trở thành nơi lý tưởng để sống vì nó không có náo nhiệt ồn ào như Saigon, xe cộ cũng ít, người dân cũng hiền hoà tựa như môt thành phố trước 75.  Các người Pháp về hưu sống ở nơi nầy rất đông vì đời sống nó  không có  đắt đỏ  mà lại an nhàn thư thản  nhất là nó chỉ cách xa  thành phố Saigon có 90 cây số.  Chỉ mất 2 tiếng rưởi  đi với xe limousine Vip với giá trung bình là 250.000 đồng. Nhờ có cô bạn hướng dẫn quen biết, tụi nầy được  ăn  ngày đầu ở một quán ăn tên là Gành Hào ở bãi biển (Bãi Dâu)  và đựợc thưởng thức món lẫu cá  tuyệt vời.  Ngày thứ nhì, tụi nầy được đi tham quan Đền Thánh Đức Mẹ,  chùa Phật Bà Quan Âm,  lên núi nhỏ  xem hải đăng với kiến trúc độc đáo và nhờ đó được ngắm toàn cảnh thành phố từ trên cao.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> Sau đó  tụi nầy đi bộ buổi trưa  từ khách sạn Phượng Hoàng ra  đến bãi biển trước. Giờ đây trông  biển lại quá sạch nhất là thêm vào đó, có gió biển và ăn được một chén chè tàu hũ nước đường gừng của cô  bán hàng rong quá tuyệt vời đấy. Tối lại  ghé lại quán  21, Eatery and Bar mà giới trẻ và ngoại quốc ưa thích ở đường  Lý Tự Trọng nghe nhóm trẻ hát nhạc ngoại  quốc rất thú vị. Còn gì bằng có được 2 ngày nghỉ ngơi như  vậy ở Vũng Tàu.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_fra"></a><span style="color: #ff9900;">Version française</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Cela faisait longtemps que je n&rsquo;étais pas allé à Vũng Tau. Je me souviens seulement que les plages étaient très sales lors de mon premier retour au Vietnam. Cela m&rsquo;avait laissé une impression plutôt négative. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, de retour avec un ami de longue date  deux jours avant le Têt 2026, nous trouvons que cette ville est devenue un endroit idéal pour vivre : elle est moins bruyante et  animée que Saigon, la circulation y est plus fluide et les habitants sont gentils  comme dans une ville d&rsquo;avant 1975. De nombreux retraités français y vivent car la vie n&rsquo;y est pas chère et le cadre est paisible et reposant, d&rsquo;autant plus que la ville n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;à 90 kilomètres de Saigon. Le trajet en limousine VIP n&rsquo;a duré que deux heures et demie, pour un coût moyen de 250 000 VND. Grâce à une ami qui nous a servi de guide, nous avons pris notre premier repas au restaurant Gành Hào, en face de la mer (Bãi Dâu) et dégusté un délicieux hotpot de poisson. Le lendemain, nous avons visité de bonne heure  le sanctuaire de  Notre-Dame, le temple bouddhiste Quan Âm, puis gravi la petite montagne pour admirer le phare à l&rsquo;architecture unique et profiter d&rsquo;une vue panoramique sur la ville. Enfin, dans l’après-midi nous avons flâné  à pied de l&rsquo;hôtel Phénix (Phượng Hoàng) où nous étions jusqu&rsquo;à la plage.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">La mer est si propre, surtout avec la brise marine et un dessert  de tofu sucré au gingembre acheté à une marchande ambulante. C&rsquo;est absolument merveilleux. Le soir, nous sommes allés au restaurant  portant le nom  <span style="color: #ff9900;">21 Eatery and Bar.</span> C’est  un lieu prisé des jeunes et des étrangers  et situé  à la rue Lý Tự Trong. Nous avons écouté un groupe de jeunes chanter des chansons étrangères, c&rsquo;était vraiment  agréable. Quoi de mieux que passer deux jours de détente comme ça à la ville Vũng Tàu ? </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="photos"></a><span style="color: #ff9900;">Galerie des photos</span></span></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/cap-saint-jacques-vung-tau/">Cap Saint Jacques (Vũng Tàu)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Nụ Tầm Xuân</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 05:28:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=58652</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Nụ tầm xuân (Saule Marsault pleureur) Version française Version anglaise Nụ tầm xuân là tên gọi của một loài cây thuộc chi Liễu, có tên là Liễu tơ (Pussy willow) hay Liễu dê (Salix caprea). Sở dĩ có tên gọi</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/">Nụ Tầm Xuân</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-58653 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1466-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="503" height="335" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1466-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1466-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1466.jpg 878w" sizes="(max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;">Nụ tầm xuân (Saule Marsault pleureur)</span></p>
<p><a href="#version_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<a href="#version_eng"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nụ tầm xuân là tên gọi của một loài cây thuộc chi Liễu, có tên là <span style="color: #ff9900;">Liễu tơ</span> (Pussy willow) hay <span style="color: #ff9900;">Liễu dê</span> (Salix caprea). Sở dĩ có tên gọi này là vì hoa của nó mọc ra các sợi lông tơ mềm mại như lông mèo. Nụ tầm xuân thường được xem là biểu tượng của sự sinh sôi nảy nở, đâm chồi nảy lộc, thịnh vượng và may mắn. Những nhánh cây nụ tầm xuân với hoa nhỏ mọc quanh thân đại diện cho sự khởi đầu vẹn tròn, thuận lợi và tràn đầy hy vọng.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trên thực tế, nụ tầm xuân chỉ mang sắc trắng thuần khiết, vô cùng tinh khôi. Nhưng khi chiêm ngưỡng những nhánh nụ tầm xuân được trưng bày trong các hội chợ hoa xuân ngày Tết, bạn sẽ bắt gặp những bó tầm xuân với nhiều màu sắc rực rỡ như: đỏ, vàng, cam, xanh, hồng, tím,&#8230;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_fra"></a>Nụ tầm xuân est le nom d&rsquo;une plante appartenant au genre Saule, appelée Saule marsault (<span style="color: #ff9900;">Pussy willow</span>) ou Saule des chèvres (Salix caprea). Ce nom vient du fait que ses fleurs produisent des poils doux et soyeux semblables à ceux d&rsquo;un chat. Ses bourgeons sont souvent perçus comme  le symbole de croissance, d&rsquo;épanouissement, de prospérité et de chance. Les branches de cette plante, avec leurs petites fleurs qui s&rsquo;épanouissent autour de la tige, représentent un nouveau départ prometteur, propice  et plein d&rsquo;espoir.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">En réalité, ces bourgeons  sont d&rsquo;un blanc immaculé, d&rsquo;une pureté exceptionnelle. Mais en admirant les branches de cette plante en fleurs exposées lors de la visite marchés aux fleurs printaniers durant le nouvel an lunaire, on découvre des bouquets de fleurs aux couleurs éclatantes : rouge, jaune, orange, vert, rose, violet, et bien d&rsquo;autres encore.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_eng"></a>Nụ tầm xuân is the name of a plant belonging to the willow genus, called <span style="color: #ff9900;">Pussy willow</span> or Goat willow (Salix caprea). This name comes from the fact that its flowers produce soft and silky hairs similar to those of a cat. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Its buds are often seen as the symbol of growth, blossoming, prosperity, and luck. The branches of this plant, with their small flowers blooming around the stem, represent a promising and hopeful new beginning.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In reality, these buds are immaculate white, of exceptional purity. But when admiring the flowering branches of this plant displayed at spring flower markets during  the Lunar New Year, one discovers bouquets of flowers in bright colors: red, yellow, orange, green, pink, purple, and many more.</span></p>
<p><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-58658 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1464-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="425" height="283" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1464-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1464-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/HTT_1464.jpg 878w" sizes="(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px" /></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/">Nụ Tầm Xuân</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Des histoires en marge au cœur du complexe Nguyễn Thị Thuật.</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/des-histoires-en-marge-au-coeur-du-complexe-nguyen-thi-thuat/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 05:53:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Littérature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Traditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=58600</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Những chuyện bên lề ở giữa lòng chung cư  Version française Version anglaise Galerie des photos Mỗi ngày, sáng hay chiều tối nào, tụi nầy cũng có thói quen từ khi đến Viêt Nam sau khi ăn cơm hay thường</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/des-histoires-en-marge-au-coeur-du-complexe-nguyen-thi-thuat/">Des histoires en marge au cœur du complexe Nguyễn Thị Thuật.</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;">Những chuyện bên lề ở giữa lòng chung cư </span></p>
<p><a href="#version_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Mỗi ngày, sáng hay chiều tối nào, tụi nầy cũng có thói quen từ khi đến Viêt Nam sau khi ăn cơm hay thường  la cà ngồi quán cà phê. Ngày xưa, người Việt  trò chuyện hay thường bắt đầu bằng cách têm trầu nay sự việc nầy không còn mà được thay thế bằng ly cà phê. Có thể nói, gặp nhau muốn nói chuyện gì cũng được, phải có ly cà phê. Giờ phút nầy cà phê nó không thể thiếu ở người Việt, không biết lúc nào nó lại nằm trong văn hóa  của người  Việt. Không thể thiếu nó nhất là các quán nó đua nhau mọc lên như nấm trong khu chung cư nầy. Không biết  các quán bán được bao nhiêu ly cà phê mỗi ngày mà  đi qua xem vựa, nơi mà   họ lưu trử các khối nước đá trông thấy ở chung cư, thấy mà khiếp sợ. Mới đây mùng hai Tết trên đường về bằng xe grab, cháu tài xế hỏi mình như sau: Chú có phiền không, cho cháu ghé uống một ly cà phê có được không ? Mình mới nói: uống đi cháu, chú đơị cháu. Nhưng nghĩ sao, cháu tài xế không uống, đưa thẳng mình về khách sạn. Lúc  trả tiền, mình mới nói với cháu tài xế: Chú biếu cháu 50.000 đồng tiền  lì xì (2 euros) để cháu uống cà phê đi nha. Cháu tài xế  cười toe toét. Mình muốn nói đây cái sung sướng mà mình nhận  được  trên khuôn  mặt của cháu tài xế khi nhắc đến ly cà phê. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Không nhất thiết uống nhiều ly cà phê trong ngày mới có thể ngồi ở quán, chỉ cần một ly cà phê là đủ rồi, bạn có thể ngồi nguyên ngày. Ở quán cà phê trong chung cư, dù không có thức ăn đi nữa  mình có thể kêu ở các quán bán thức ăn  gần đó mang đến cho mình ăn. Đây là một dịch vụ miễn phí chỉ có ở Việt Nam. Ngồi quán cà phê, tụi nầy có thể thư thản đọc sách,  xem điện thọai, người hay xe cộ đi qua lại  mà cũng có thể  quan sát cuộc sống hằng ngày của người dân sống ở trong chung cư.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> Vừa ngồi xuống nghế chưa đầy 5 phút thì có các cháu bé  hay các bà mẹ bế con bán giấy số đến lần lượt xin tụi nầy mua giấy số. Nhưng làm sao mua nổi, người nào cũng có cả trăm tờ, mỗi tờ 10.000 đồng họ chỉ được 1000 đồng nếu họ bán được một tờ. Nếu bán không hết trong ngày, chiều lại không được trả lại. Như vậy họ làm sao có lời, chắc chắn họ phải mất tiền. Phải có  mẹo nào đó. Cách buôn bán giấy số nầy làm mình rất phân vân, có cái gì không ổn. Dĩ nhiên làm mình chạnh lòng nhưng mình chỉ cho tiền các em nhỏ bán giấy số  mà thôi chớ không mua còn anh bạn mình thi chỉ mua giấy số của các người khuyến tật, mua rồi đem tặng các bạn già ở Việt Nam. Hai đứa nầy  lúc nào cũng có ở trong đầu  nhiều câu hỏi nhưng chả bao giờ có câu trả lời chính đáng. Ở chung cư vì cuộc sống rất chật vật, không gian thì eo hẹp, gia đình đông con hay  thường thấy họ ngủ la liệt dưới đất  nên việc nấu ăn trong nhà thường ít thấy. Thông thường thấy họ la cà các  quán, ăn tại chỗ hay mua về ăn. Luôn cả cô em bà con của mình ở  chung cư  một mình hay thường mua đồ ăn ở chợ đem về nhà mà ăn.  Đôi khi cũng ngon đáo  để  như món mắm chưng hột vịt mà cô em thết đãi  tụi nầy một hôm, làm tụi nầy nhớ hoài.  Mình hay thường nghe câu nói nầy từ ông bạn mình: Thế hệ ngày nay không phải là thế hệ của má tụi mình. Phụ nữ Việt Nam không còn biết nấu ăn, chỉ biết  phê bút hay sống ảo mà thôi. Cái nhận xét nầy cũng không hoàn toàn sai. Phải cần có adrenaline  để quên đi sự phiền muộn trong cuộc sống  mong manh. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ở giữa lòng chung cư, có nhiều nghề sống được lắm  như biết may vá, nấu ăn giỏi như cô Mai, cô Lý. Cô Mai thì nổi tiếng các món xào nhất là bà biết làm sao khi mình ăn còn mùi khói  chớ không có mùi cháy của chảo  như cơm chiên gà, mì xào giòn còn cô Lý thì món tầm bì nước dừa, bánh bèo bì, chè chuối  vân vân phải nói quá ngon làm mình vẫn còn thèm đấy. Muốn ăn các món nầy thì phải chịu khó đợi lúc nào cũng đông khách cả. Quá giờ thì không còn nữa đấy. Họ trù liệu bao nhiêu phần để bán chớ hết thì thôi ngày hôm sau trở lại chớ không như ở Paris  nhiều tiệm đỗ nước thêm để bán phở tiếp. Có một lần anh bạn mình muốn ăn thịt heo quay thôi chớ không muốn ăn bánh hỏi vì thích ăn với bánh mì  nhưng họ không bán vì họ trù liệu trước bao nhiêu bánh hỏi để bán với thịt quay rồi. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Chính ở chung cư nầy mình có duyên được gặp một hôm ở quán cà phê  môt họa sỹ nhỏ tuổi đang ngồi chăm chỉ vẽ cảnh vật ở chung cư với bút mực. Cháu nầy có bản năng vẽ không sữa không làm lem bức tranh với mực. Mình thích qu á chừng nên muốn mua bức tranh nhưng cháu rất dễ thương mới thốt lên như sau: Chú muốn, cháu tặng chú. Mình cũng không ngờ. Đây là duyên cháu có  với chú  đấy thôi. Sau đó anh bạn của mình ngỏ ý mua một tấm tranh khác để mang về Paris tặng bạn. Vui cũng có với cháu họa sỹ nầy mà buồn cũng có với em bé tạc chừng 12 tuổi  ngậm xăng phun lửa thường thấy ở chung cư. Bé nầy thường biểu diễn trước đám đông ngậm xăng phun lửa. Tình cờ mình thấy vậy mới kêu em bé lại hỏi chuyện.  Tại sao con làm vậy, con có biết xăng nó độc nay mai con sẽ bi ung thư cuống họng không? Con nhớ chú dặn con không nên làm nghề nầy nữa. Mình chỉ khuyên nó, thấy thương nó nên cho nó một trăm ngàn đồng, chả là bao nhiêu cả.  Mình cảm thấy bất lực vì mình biết mình không thể làm gì hơn. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ở chung cư nầy biết bao nhiêu người nghèo, mình có làm được gì không?. Cháu nhờ nghề nầy mỗi ngày cháu kiếm được vài trăm ngàn để nuôi em và sống, ba má cháu ly dị?  Câu nói nầy nó vẫn còn ở trong tâm trí của mình khi mình viết về chung cư. Một con chim én đâu có đem lại mùa xuân. Nhưng không vì thế  mà mình quên đi những trẻ em nghèo nầy. Chúng nó là tương lai của đất nước nầy.</span></p>
<p><a id="version_fra"></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;">Version française</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Depuis notre arrivée au Vietnam, nous avons pris l&rsquo;habitude de nous attarder dans un café après les repas, matin et soir. Autrefois, les Vietnamiens entamaient les conversations en commençant par la chique du bétel. Mais ce n&rsquo;est plus le cas d’aujourd’hui. Elle est remplacée par une tasse de café. On peut dire sans se tromper que, quel que soit le sujet de conversation, une tasse de café s’avère indispensable. De nos jours, le café est devenu incontournable pour les Vietnamiens. Il est difficile de dire quand il est entré dans la culture vietnamienne. Il l&rsquo;est d&rsquo;autant plus depuis lors  avec la poussée des cafés comme celle des champignons dans ce complexe d&rsquo;appartements. Je me demande combien de tasses de café ces établissements vendent chaque jour, car le stockage des tonnes de glace dans le complexe est assez effarant. Récemment, le deuxième jour du Têt (Nouvel An lunaire), alors que je rentrais chez moi en taxi grab, le chauffeur m&rsquo;a demandé : « Monsieur, cela vous dérangerait-il si je m&rsquo;arrêtais pour prendre un café ? » J&rsquo;ai répondu  sans hésitation: « Allez-y, je vous attends. » Mais pour une raison inconnue, le jeune chauffeur n&rsquo;en a pas bu et m&rsquo;a ramené directement à l&rsquo;hôtel. Au moment du paiement, j&rsquo;ai dit au jeune chauffeur : « Voici 50 000 dongs ( à peu près 2 euros) en cadeau de  notre Nouvel An pour vous offrir un café. » Il m’a montré un large sourire. Je voulais souligner la joie que j&rsquo;avais vue sur son visage à l&rsquo;évocation du café.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Il n&rsquo;est pas nécessaire de boire plusieurs tasses de café par jour pour s&rsquo;attabler dans un café; une seule suffit, et on peut y rester toute la journée. Au café de ce complexe d’appartements, même s&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a pas de nourriture, on peut la commander auprès des vendeurs ambulants du quartier et on est servi sur place. C&rsquo;est un service gratuit, typiquement vietnamien. Installés au café, nous pouvons nous détendre, lire, consulter nos téléphones, regarder le va et vient des passants et des voitures, et observer le quotidien des habitants. À peine cinq minutes après notre installation, des enfants ou des mères avec des bébés se mettaient à la queue leu leu pour nous vendre des billets de loterie. Mais comment pouvons-nous tout acheter? Chacun en avait une centaine, à 10 000 dongs le billet, et ils ne gagnaient que 1 000 dongs par billet vendu. S&rsquo;ils n’arrivaient pas à tout vendre dans la journée, ils ne pouvaient pas  rendre les billets à l’endroit où ils les avaient pris. Comment pouvaient-ils faire des bénéfices ? Ils allaient forcément perdre de l&rsquo;argent. Il devait y avoir une astuce.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Cette façon de vendre des billets de loterie me perturbe beaucoup ; j&rsquo;ai un mauvais pressentiment. Bien sûr, cela me rend un peu triste. Je donne uniquement  de l&rsquo;argent aux enfants qui vendent les billets mais  je n&rsquo;en achète pas.  En revanche, mon ami n&rsquo;achète des billets qu&rsquo;à des personnes handicapées et les offre ensuite à ses amis âgés au Vietnam. Nous nous  posons toujours des questions, mais nous n&rsquo;obtenons  jamais des réponses satisfaisantes. « Vivre dans le complexe d’appartements » est très difficile: l&rsquo;espace est limité et les familles nombreuses sont obligées de  dormir souvent par terre, si bien que « cuisiner à la maison » est une rareté. On les voit généralement traîner au bistrot, y manger ou acheter des plats à emporter. Même ma cousine vivant seule dans son appartement, préfère d’acheter  souvent de quoi manger au marché.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Parfois, la bouffe achetée est incroyablement délicieuse, comme cette pâte de poisson à la vapeur avec des œufs de canard que ma cousine a achetée et  agrémentée avec des légumes, ce qui nous donne un plat insatiable. J&rsquo;entends souvent mon ami dire : « La génération d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui n&rsquo;est pas celle de nos mères. Les Vietnamiennes ne savent plus cuisiner ; elles ne connaissent que Facebook ou vivre dans le monde virtuel. » Ce constat n&rsquo;est pas totalement faux. Il faut bien une dose d&rsquo;adrénaline pour oublier les tracas de cette vie fragile.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Au cœur de ce complexe d&rsquo;appartements, on trouve de nombreux emplois lucratifs comme la couture et la cuisine, à l&rsquo;instar de ceux de Mmes Mai et Lý. Mme Mai est réputée pour ses plats sautés, notamment pour son talent à leur conserver un léger goût fumé, sans les brûler, comme le riz frit au poulet et les nouilles frites croustillantes. Les plats de Mme Ly, tels que le plat de nouilles de riz agrémentées de la couenne de porc  au lait de coco, le  gâteau de riz à la couenne, la soupe sucrée à la banane  etc. sont si délicieux que j&rsquo;en ai encore l&rsquo;eau à la bouche</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Pour déguster ces plats, il faut s&rsquo;armer de patience ; les stands de ces dames sont toujours bondés. Si on rate l&rsquo;heure de fermeture, il n&rsquo;y en aura plus. Ils ne proposent qu&rsquo;un nombre limité de portions et, si elles sont épuisées, il faut  revenir le lendemain, contrairement à Paris où de nombreux restaurants continuent à remplir leur soupe de nouilles avec de l’eau pour maintenir leur activité. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Un jour, mon ami a voulu manger uniquement le porc laqué, sans les nouilles de riz, car il préférait les déguster avec du pain. Mais on a refusé de lui en vendre, car le restaurant avait déjà prévu la quantité de nouilles à vendre avec celle du porc laqué.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> C&rsquo;est dans ce complexe que j&rsquo;ai la chance de rencontrer un jour, un jeune artiste dans un café. Il était en train de dessiner à l’encre  la scène du complexe avec soin. Ce jeune artiste avait un don inné pour le dessin ; l&rsquo;encre ne bavait pas. J&rsquo;aimais tellement son tableau que j&rsquo;aurais voulu l&rsquo;acheter, mais l&rsquo;artiste, si gentil, m&rsquo;a dit sans hésitation: « Si tu le veux, je te le donne. » J&rsquo;étais surpris. C&rsquo;était le destin qui avait fait que nous nous rencontrions. Ensuite mon ami a manifesté aussi  son intérêt pour l&rsquo;achat d&rsquo;un autre tableau pour le ramener à Paris comme cadeau offert à son ami. Je suis heureux de connaître ce jeune artiste, mais je suis aussi triste de voir souvent le petit garçon d&rsquo;une douzaine d&rsquo;années, qui est habitué à faire du spectacle devant la foule en crachant du feu avec de l&rsquo;essence. Par hasard je l&rsquo;ai interpellé un jour : « Pourquoi fais-tu ça ? Sais-tu que l&rsquo;essence est toxique et que tu risques d’avoir un cancer de la gorge ? Je te conseille  d&rsquo;arrêter ce métier. Pris de pitié,  je lui ai donné 100 000 đồng, une somme vraiment  dérisoire. Je me sens impuissant car je sais  que je ne peux plus rien faire pour lui.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Il y a tant de gens pauvres dans ce complexe, que puis-je faire ? Grâce à ce travail, je gagne quelques centaines de milliers de dongs par jour pour subvenir aux besoins de mon petit frère ou de ma petite sœur et vivre dignement car  mes parents sont divorcés.  Sa parole me hante encore lorsque j’écris encore tout ce qui est en rapport avec ce complexe d&rsquo;appartements. Une seule hirondelle n’apporte pas le printemps. Mais  malgré cela, je ne peux pas oublier ces enfants défavorisés. Ils sont l&rsquo;avenir de notre pays.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="photos"></a><span style="color: #ff9900;">Galerie des photos</span></span></p>
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data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&#038;current_view=1&#038;gallery_id=537&#038;tag=0&#038;theme_id=1&#038;shortcode_id=1250&#038;sort_by=order&#038;order_by=desc&#038;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         data-gallery-id="537"         data-popup-width="800"         data-popup-height="500"         data-is-album="gallery"         data-buttons-position="bottom">      <div id="bwg_container2_1">             <div id="ajax_loading_1" class="bwg_loading_div_1">      <div class="bwg_loading_div_2">        <div class="bwg_loading_div_3">          <div id="loading_div_1" class="bwg_spider_ajax_loading">          </div>        </div>      </div>    </div>            <form id="gal_front_form_1"              class="bwg-hidden"              method="post"              action="#"              data-current="1"              data-shortcode-id="1250"              data-gallery-type="thumbnails_mosaic"              data-gallery-id="537"              data-tag="0"              data-album-id="0"              data-theme-id="1"              data-ajax-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=bwg_frontend_data">          <div id="bwg_container3_1" class="bwg-background bwg-background-1">                <div id="bwg_mosaic_thumbnails_div_1"         class="bwg-container-1 bwg-container bwg-mosaic-thumbnails"         data-bwg="1"         data-mosaic-direction="vertical"         data-resizable="0"         data-width="200"         data-height="200"         data-total-width="100"         data-block-id="bwg_thumbnails_mosaic_1"         data-thumb-padding="4"         data-thumb-border="0"         data-title-margin="2px"         data-image-title="none"         data-play-icon="1"         data-ecommerce-icon="none"         data-gallery-id="537"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&#038;current_view=1&#038;gallery_id=537&#038;tag=0&#038;theme_id=1&#038;shortcode_id=1250&#038;sort_by=order&#038;order_by=desc&#038;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         data-mosaic-thumb-transition="1"         style="visibility: hidden" >      <div id="bwg_thumbnails_mosaic_1" class="bwg_mosaic_thumbnails_1">                  <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_1419.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9047" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9047"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_1419.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_1419.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 1419"                 title="CBL 1419" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3013.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9046" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9046"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3013.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3013.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3013"                 title="CBL 3013" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3073.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9045" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9045"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3073.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3073.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="267.00"                 data-height="400.00"                 alt="CBL 3073"                 title="CBL 3073" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3249.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9044" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9044"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3249.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3249.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3249"                 title="CBL 3249" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3310.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9043" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9043"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3310.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3310.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3310"                 title="CBL 3310" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3312.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9042" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9042"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3312.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3312.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3312"                 title="CBL 3312" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3314.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9041" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9041"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3314.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3314.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3314"                 title="CBL 3314" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3371.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9040" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9040"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3371.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3371.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3371"                 title="CBL 3371" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3389.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9039" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9039"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3389.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3389.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="267.00"                 data-height="400.00"                 alt="CBL 3389"                 title="CBL 3389" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3391.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9038" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9038"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3391.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3391.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3391"                 title="CBL 3391" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3392.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9037" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9037"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3392.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3392.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3392"                 title="CBL 3392" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3393.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9036" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9036"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3393.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3393.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3393"                 title="CBL 3393" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_3397.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9035" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9035"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3397.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_3397.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 3397"                 title="CBL 3397" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_4190.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9034" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9034"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4190.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4190.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 4190"                 title="CBL 4190" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_4397.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9033" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9033"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4397.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4397.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 4397"                 title="CBL 4397" />                      </div>        </a>                <a  class="bwg-a bwg_lightbox bwg_lightbox_1" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/CBL_4414.jpg?bwg=1772164155" data-image-id="9032" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">          <div class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_spun_1 bwg-item0 bwg-mosaic-thumb-span ">            <img decoding="async" class="bwg_mosaic_thumb_1 skip-lazy bwg_img_clear bwg_img_custom "                 id="9032"                 src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4414.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/CBL_4414.jpg?bwg=1772164155"                 data-width="400.00"                 data-height="267.00"                 alt="CBL 4414"                 title="CBL 4414" />                      </div>        </a>            </div>    </div>    <style>      /*pagination styles*/      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 {				text-align: center;				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin: 6px 0 4px;				display: block;      }      @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .displaying-num_1 {     	 display: none;      }      }      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .displaying-num_1 {				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin-right: 10px;				vertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .paging-input_1 {				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				vertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 a.disabled,      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 a.disabled:hover,      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 a.disabled:focus,			#bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 input.bwg_current_page {				cursor: default;				color: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.5);      }      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 a,      #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .tablenav-pages_1 input.bwg_current_page {				cursor: pointer;				text-align: center;				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				text-decoration: none;				padding: 3px 6px;				margin: 0;				border-radius: 0;				border-style: solid;				border-width: 1px;				border-color: #E3E3E3;								background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);				box-shadow: 0;				transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;      }      </style>      <span class="bwg_nav_cont_1">              <div class="tablenav-pages_1">                  </div>                <input type="hidden" id="page_number_1" name="page_number_1" value="1" />      <script type="text/javascript">        if( jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_1').length > 1 ) {          jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_1').first().remove()        }        function spider_page_1(cur, x, y, load_more) {          if (typeof load_more == "undefined") {            var load_more = false;          }          if (jQuery(cur).hasClass('disabled')) {            return false;          }          var items_county_1 = 1;          switch (y) {            case 1:              if (x >= items_county_1) {                document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = items_county_1;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = x + 1;              }              break;            case 2:              document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = items_county_1;              break;            case -1:              if (x == 1) {                document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = 1;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = x - 1;              }              break;            case -2:              document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = 1;              break;						case 0:              document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = x;              break;            default:              document.getElementById('page_number_1').value = 1;          }          bwg_ajax('gal_front_form_1', '1', 'bwg_thumbnails_mosaic_1', '0', '', 'gallery', 0, '', '', load_more, '', 1);        }                    jQuery('.first-page-1').on('click', function () {              spider_page_1(this, 1, -2, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.prev-page-1').on('click', function () {              spider_page_1(this, 1, -1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.next-page-1').on('click', function () {              spider_page_1(this, 1, 1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.last-page-1').on('click', function () {              spider_page_1(this, 1, 2, 'numeric');              return false;            });        				/* Change page on input enter. */        function bwg_change_page_1( e, that ) {          if (  e.key == 'Enter' ) {            var to_page = parseInt(jQuery(that).val());            var pages_count = jQuery(that).parents(".pagination-links").data("pages-count");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }	 												spider_page_1(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');							return false;						          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_1').on('click', function () {            spider_page_1(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      </script>      </span>                </div>        </form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 #spider_popup_overlay_1 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          </style>        <div id="bwg_spider_popup_loading_1" class="bwg_spider_popup_loading"></div>        <div id="spider_popup_overlay_1" class="spider_popup_overlay" onclick="spider_destroypopup(1000)"></div>        <input type="hidden" id="bwg_random_seed_1" value="849146970">                </div>    </div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery("#bwg_container1_1").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery("#bwg_container1_1"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery("#bwg_container1_1").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery("#bwg_container1_1"));            }          }        });      }    </script>    
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/des-histoires-en-marge-au-coeur-du-complexe-nguyen-thi-thuat/">Des histoires en marge au cœur du complexe Nguyễn Thị Thuật.</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Policy of rapprochement with Việtnam</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/policy-of-rapprochement-with-vietnam/</link>
		
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		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 07:59:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; Version vietnamienne Version française The hospitality that Rama I extended to Nguyễn Ánh later served as the basis for the development of the future relationship between the two countries. It is not unrelated to Nguyễn Ánh’s careful conduct in</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/chinh-sach-giao-hao-voi-viet-nam-thailande/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/politique-de-rapprochement-avec-le-vietnam-thailande/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The hospitality that<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Rama I</span> extended to Nguyễn Ánh later served as the basis for the development of the future relationship between the two countries. It is not unrelated to Nguyễn Ánh’s careful conduct in seeking an appropriate solution to manage the dual suzerainty over Laos and Cambodia with the Thais. According to the Vietnamese researcher <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Thế Anh</span>, these countries were considered at that time as children raised together by Siam and Vietnam, the former arrogating the title of father and the latter the title of mother. This dual dependence is known in the Thai language as « song faifa. » According to Siamese sources, Nguyễn Ánh sent six times from Gia Định to Bangkok silver and gold trees, a sign of allegiance between 1788 and 1801. (2). In a letter addressed to Rama I before his return to Gia Định, Nguyễn Ánh agreed to be placed under the protectorate of Siam in case he succeeded in restoring his power. Did <span style="color: #ff6600;">Đại Nam</span> (the former name of Vietnam) accept being a mandala state?</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">There are several reasons to refute this hypothesis. First, Đại Nam was not under the influence of Theravada Buddhism and did not have the Indianized culture as was the case with Cambodia and Laos because the religious role plays an important part in the mandala defined by the researcher<span style="color: #ff9900;"> O. Wolter</span>. Siam had so far tried to extend its influence and control in regions where the Thais were more or less established and where the Indianized culture was visible.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This is not the case for Vietnam. Chakri and his predecessor<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Taksin</span> had already failed in this endeavor in Cochinchina, which was nevertheless a new land because there was a significant Vietnamese colony with a different culture. Vassalage seems unlikely. The truth is never known, but one can rely on the fact that to acknowledge the benefits of Ralma I, Nguyễn Ánh could adopt this understandable behavior which was never incompatible with his temperament and especially with his Confucian spirit, in which ingratitude was not a part.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">One always finds in him the gratitude and kindness that cannot later be refuted with<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Pigneau de Béhaine</span>, who devoted much effort to convincing him to convert to Catholicism. During his reign, there was no persecution of Catholics, which can be interpreted as a recognition of Pigneau de Béhaine. From this point of view, one can see in him the principle of humanity (đạo làm người) by honoring both the gratitude towards those who protected him during 25 years of hardships and the revenge against those who killed all his relatives and family. (debt must be repaid, vengeance must be taken)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">At the time of his enthronement in 1803 in Huế,<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Nguyễn Ánh</span> received a crown offered by King Rama I but immediately returned it because he did not accept being treated as a vassal king and receiving the title that the Siamese King Rama I was accustomed to granting to his vassals. This behavior disproves the accusation that has always been made against Nguyễn Ánh.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">For some Vietnamese historians, Nguyễn Ánh is a traitor because he brought in foreigners and gave them the opportunity to occupy Vietnam. The Vietnamese expression « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Đem rắn cắn gà nhà</span> » (Introducing the snake to bite the home chicken) is often attached to Nguyễn Ánh. It is unfair to label him a traitor because, in the difficult context he was in, there was no reason not to act as he did as a human being when he was at the brink of despair. Probably the following expression « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tương kế tựu kế</span> » (Combining a stratagem of circumstance) suits him better, although there is a risk of playing into the hands of foreigners. It should also be recalled that the Tây Sơn had the opportunity to send an emissary to Rama I in 1789 with the aim of neutralizing Nguyễn Ánh using the stratagem (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Điệu hổ ly sơn</span> (Luring the tiger away from the mountain)), but this attempt was in vain due to Rama I&rsquo;s refusal. (3)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Being intelligent, courageous, and resigned like the king of the Yue<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Gou Jian</span> (Cẫu Tiển) from the Spring and Autumn period (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Xuân Thu</span>), he should have known the consequences of his act. There is not only Gia Long but also thousands of people who accepted to follow him and bear the heavy responsibility of bringing foreigners into the country to counter the Tây Sơn. Are they all traitors? This is a thorny question to which it is difficult to give an affirmative answer and a hasty condemnation without first having a sense of fairness and without being swayed by partisan opinions when one knows that Nguyễn Huệ remains the most adored hero by the Vietnamese for his military genius.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Disappointed by Gia Long&rsquo;s refusal, Rama I showed no sign of resentment but found justification in the cultural difference. In Rama I, we find not only wisdom but also understanding. He wanted to deal henceforth on an equal footing with him. This equal treatment can be interpreted as a « privileged » bilateral relationship between the elder and the younger in mutual respect. Each of them should know that they needed the other even if it was an alliance of circumstance. Their countries were respectively threatened by formidable enemies, Burma and China.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Their special relationship did not fade over time because Rama I fell in love in the meantime with Nguyễn Ánh&rsquo;s sister. It is not known what became of her (his wife or his concubine). However, there was a love poem that Rama I dedicated to her and which continued to be sung even in the 1970s during the annual royal boat procession.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">As for Nguyễn Ánh (or Gia Long), during his reign, he avoided military confrontation with Thailand over the thorny Cambodian and Laotian issues. Before his death, Gia Long repeatedly reminded his successor<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Minh Mạng</span> to perpetuate the friendship he had managed to establish with Rama I and to consider Siam as a respectable ally in the Indochinese peninsula (4). This was later justified by Minh Mạng&rsquo;s refusal to attack Siam at the request of the Burmese.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to researcher <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Thế Anh</span>, in continental Southeast Asia, out of about twenty important principalities around 1400, only three kingdoms remained that managed to establish themselves at the beginning of the 19th century as regional powers, among which were Siam and Đại Việt, one advancing eastward and the other southward at the expense of the Hinduized states (Laos, Cambodia, Champa). This conflict of interests intensified increasingly after the death of Rama I and Nguyễn Ánh.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Their successors (<span style="color: #ff9900;">Minh Mạng</span>, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Thiệu Trị</span> on the Vietnamese side and <span style="color: #ff9900;">Rama III</span> on the Siamese side) were entangled in the problem of succession of the Cambodian kings who kept fighting among themselves and seeking their help and protection. They were henceforth guided by a policy of colonialism and annexation which led them to confront each other militarily twice in 1833 and 1841 on Cambodian and Vietnamese territories and to find at the end of each confrontation a compromise agreement in their favor and to the detriment of their respective <span style="color: #ff6600;">protégés</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The temporary alliance is no longer taken into account. The rivalry, which was becoming increasingly visible between the two competing countries Đại Nam and Siam, now rules out any rapprochement and any possible alliance. Even their policies are completely different, one aligning with the Chinese model to avoid any contact with Western colonialists and the other with the Japanese model to advocate the opening of borders.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The Khmer capital Phnom Penh was at one time occupied by the Vietnamese army of General <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trương Minh Giảng</span> while the regions of Western Cambodia (Siem Reap, Battambang, Sisophon) were in the hands of the Thais. According to the French historian<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Philippe Conrad</span>, the king of Cambodia was considered a mere governor of the king of Siam. The royal insignia (golden sword, crown seal) were confiscated and held in Bangkok. The arrival of the French in Indochina put an end to their dual suzerainty over Cambodia and Laos. It allowed the Cambodian and Laotian protégés to recover part of their territory in the hands of the Vietnamese and the Thais. Đại Nam under Emperor <span style="color: #ff9900;">Tự Đức</span> had to face the French colonial authorities who had annexed the six provinces of Nam Bộ (Cochinchina).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Thanks to the foresight of their kings (particularly that of Chulalongkorn or<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Rama V</span>), the Thais, relying on the rivalry policy between the English and the French, managed to maintain their independence at the cost of territorial concessions (the Burmese and Malay territories occupied were returned to the English and the Laotian and Khmer territories to the French). They chose a flexible foreign policy (chính sách cây sậy) like the reed that adapts to the wind. It is no coincidence to see the sacred union of the three Thai princes at the dawn of the Thai nation in 1287 and the submission to the Sino-Mongol troops of <span style="color: #ff9900;">Kublai Khan</span>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #808080;">It is this synthetic policy of adaptation that allows them to stay away from colonial wars, always side with the victors, and exist today as a flourishing nation despite their late emergence (dating from the early 14th century) in mainland Southeast Asia.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/photos-de-venise-de-lorient-vong-cac/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Pictures of Venice of the East (Vọng các)</span></a></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/thailande-thai-lan/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return THAILAND]</span></a></p>
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<p>(1) Bùi Quang Tùng: Professeur, membre scientifique de EFEO. Auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur le Vietnam.<br />
(2) P.R.R.I, p. 113.<br />
(3) Pool, Peter A.: The Vietnamese in Thailand, p 32, note 3.</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/policy-of-rapprochement-with-vietnam/">Policy of rapprochement with Việtnam</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Latent conflicts with Vietnam</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/latent-conflicts-with-vietnam/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 07:36:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Vietnamese version French version There are victories and defeats on both sides. Leading an army of 20,000 men and a fleet, Taksin succeeded in driving out, after a ten-day siege, Mo Shi-Lin (Mạc Tiên Tứ in Vietnamese), the son of</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/conflits-larves-avec-le-vietnam-thailande/thailande2b/" rel="attachment wp-att-11669"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-11669 aligncenter" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/thailande2b.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="412" /></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nhung-cuoc-xung-dot-tiem-tang-voi-vietnam-conflits-larves-avec-le-vietnam/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Vietnamese version</span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/conflits-larves-avec-le-vietnam-thailande/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">French version</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">There are victories and defeats on both sides. Leading an army of 20,000 men and a fleet, Taksin succeeded in driving out, after a ten-day siege, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Mo Shi-Lin</span> (Mạc Tiên Tứ in Vietnamese), the son of <span style="color: #ff9900;">Mạc Cửu</span>, from Hà Tiên. He was a significant Chinese ally of the Nguyễn lords and the protector of the son of the last king of the Ayutthaya dynasty, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Chao Chuy</span> (Chiêu Thúy). The latter continued to be one of the potential contenders for the crown and a daily concern for Taksin. Due to his military setbacks at Châu Đốc and in the Sadec region, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Taksin</span> was forced to accept the peace treaty offered by Mạc Thiên Tứ and to abandon Hà Tiên in ruins in exchange for the return of Prince Chiêu Thúy, the release of Mạc Thiên Tứ&rsquo;s daughter who was captured at the fall of Hà Tiên, and the maintenance on the Cambodian throne of a pro-Thai king named<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Ang Non</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Upon his return, Chiêu Thúy was executed along with his brother who was captured in Cambodia. As for Lord <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Phúc Thuần</span> (later known as Duệ Tông), troubled by the rebellion of the « <span style="color: #ff9900;">Tây Sơn brothers</span> (Western Peasants), » he was forced to endorse this agreement and temporarily allow the Thais free rein in their territorial expansion policy over Laos and Cambodia. But the truce was short-lived for Mạc Thiên Tứ because in the meantime, he was pursued by the Tây Sơn who had succeeded in taking Gia Định (or Saigon) in 1776 and capturing Lord Nguyễn Phúc Thuần in Cà Mau. He had to seek refuge with his family and subordinates with Taksin in Thonburi (Thailand). However, the latter, obsessed and consumed by so much suspicion and distrust, ended up executing his family and subordinates, among whom was Prince <span style="color: #ff9900;">Tôn Thất Xuân</span>. To preserve his dignity and honor, Mạc Thiên Tứ committed suicide in September 1780 by swallowing a gold coin. Taksin’s distrust became increasingly overwhelming to the point where it turned into a mental illness accompanied by paranoid and tyrannical behavior.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is one of the common traits of great politicians (<span style="color: #ff9900;">Ts’ao Ts’ao</span> (Tào Tháo) of the Three Kingdoms, Qin<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Shi Huang Di</span> (Tần Thủy Hoàng) for example). It is this mistrust that later led him to imprison his close associates, particularly the family of his son-in-law Chakri, who was engaged in a military campaign in Cambodia against the Vietnamese of the young prince <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Ánh</span>. Chakri (the future King Rama I) was forced to make a pact with Nguyễn Ánh’s lieutenants, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Hữu Thùy</span> and <span style="color: #ff9900;">Hồ văn Lân</span>. They sent him a knife, a sword, and a flag as a sign of their support against Taksin. Having managed to return in time when a coup d&rsquo;état overthrew the latter, the Siamese general<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Chaophraya Mahakasatsuk</span> (or Chakri) thus became <span style="color: #ff9900;">King Rama I</span> and the founder of the Chakri dynasty.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">His advent allowed the closure of the Thonburi dynasty and its replacement by the new dynasty with the transfer of the capital to Bangkok. It was here that King Rama I attempted to restore the Ayutthaya style through his royal palace (Bangkok). The establishment of the new capital did not correspond to a renewal of Siamese art. <span style="color: #ff9900;">Rama I</span> was interested in continuing the unfinished work of King Taksin the Great in the march eastward. He did not hesitate to mount a military expedition to assist Crown Prince <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Ánh</span> in his struggle against the Tây Sơn. Unfortunately, this Vietnamo-Siamese expedition was crushed in 1783 in the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Rạch Gầm-Xoài</span> Mút canals of today&rsquo;s Tiền Giang province by the strategist king Nguyễn Huệ. Of the Siamese army initially composed of at least 50,000 men and 300 junks, only 2,000 men managed to pass through Cambodia to return to Thailand.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Taking advantage of the geographical unfamiliarity of the terrain (địa lợi) and the military underestimation of the enemies, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Huệ</span> avoided a frontal engagement at Sadec and quickly succeeded in thwarting the Siamese invasion in the canals near Mỹ Tho. Nguyễn Huệ needed a swift victory because he knew that the Trịnh in Northern Vietnam could take advantage of this opportunity to invade <span style="color: #ff6600;">Qui Nhơn</span> in central Vietnam.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Hunted like a wild beast and plunged into the abyss of sadness, Nguyễn Ánh was forced to exile himself to Bangkok, accompanied by about thirty mandarins and approximately 200 soldiers for a short period (from 1785 to 1787). He was later joined by 5,000 soldiers under General <span style="color: #ff9900;">Nguyễn Huỳnh Đức</span>. According to Vietnamese professor <span style="color: #ff9900;">Bùi Quang Tùng</span> (1), many refugees preferred to stay in Thailand and marry Siamese women.</span></p>
<p class="entry-title" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/policy-of-rapprochement-with-vietnam/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;">Policy of rapprochement with Việtnam</span></a></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/thailande-thai-lan/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return THAILAND]</span></a></p>
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		<title>New Year Bính Ngọ</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/new-year-binh-ngo/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2025 08:33:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>New Year Bính Ngọ (17 February 2026) Version française Version vietnamienne The word “Tết” is derived from the word “tiết”, which in the Sino-Vietnamese dictionary means the bamboo stalk (or đốt tre) in the strict sense or in the broader</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-58031 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval.jpg 878w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /><span style="font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;">New Year Bính Ngọ </span><span style="font-size: 24px;">(17 February 2026)</span></span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nouvel-an-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The word “Tết” is derived from the word “tiết”, which in the Sino-Vietnamese dictionary means the bamboo stalk (or<span style="color: #ff6600;"> đốt tre)</span> in the strict sense or in the broader sense the period or space of time determined according to the climate in the year. In Vietnam, there are numerous Tết such as <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết Trung Thu </span>(or mid-autumn festival), <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết Thanh Minh</span> (festival of the dead), <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết Đoan Ngọ </span>(or purge festival) etc. but the most important Tết is Tết Nguyên Đán ( <span style="font-size: 28px;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">節元旦</span><span style="font-size: 20px;">)</span></span> or Tết Cả in Vietnamese culture.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">For the majority of Vietnamese, Tet evokes a magic period of the year when everyone forgets his or her misfortune or misery during the previous year. It is the start of the new year in the lunar calendar. Rich or poor, young or old, everyone is going to celebrate it with solemnity and cheerfulness. It is the moment to dream and to recover hope.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is also the period when peasants let their fields take a break while hoping to have better crops next year thanks to the renewal of nourishing nature. That is why in one of the Vietnamese folk songs, the following verses are found:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">   </span><br />
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Một năm là mười hai kỳ</span><br />
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Em ngồi em tính có gi` chẳng ra</span><br />
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Tháng giêng ăn Tết ở nhà</span><br />
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Tháng hai rỗi rãi quay ra nuôi tầm</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Twelve months make a year, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> You can count them with no difficulty. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> The first month, you stay home enjoying Tet, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Free the second month, you can turn raising silk worms.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> It is also the festival of friendship but above all that of the cult of ancestors and genies.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to historians, the celebration of this festival goes back to the Han Chinese domination (i.e. in the first century of Christian era). The preparation of this festival is very meticulous and requires long days in advance. Seven days before Têt, there is the farewell ceremony to the genies of the Kitchen (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Ông</span> <span style="color: #ff6600;">Táo).</span> The latter comes back to earth on the night of the thirtieth day of the twelfth month of the lunar year. In the village, in front of each house is set up a bamboo pole (or cây nêu) possibly reaching several meters.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">One finds at the top of this pole offerings, votive papers and terra cotta tablets, while at its foot there is a design of a crossbow whose point is directed toward the outside. It is an old Buddhist tradition that helps prevent demons and ghosts from entering. It is also in the village that one finds again the ambiance of festival with the preparations of Tet. It is also on this occasion that the whole family is gathered from the youngest to the oldest around the cooking pot to steam cook the sweet rice cake.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-size: 28px;">Year of the fire horse</span> </span></p>
<style id="bwg-style-2">    #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg-container-2.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 484px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg-container-2.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 120px;            width: 120px !important;          }    #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg-container-2.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg-container-2.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {      padding: 0px;            background-color:rgba(255,255,255, 0.30);      border: 0px none #CCCCCC;      opacity: 1.00;      border-radius: 0;      box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px #888888;    }    #bwg_container1_2 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class="bwg_container bwg_thumbnail bwg_thumbnails "         data-right-click-protection="0"         data-bwg="2"         data-scroll="0"         data-gallery-type="thumbnails"         data-gallery-view-type="thumbnails"         data-current-url="/category/histoire/viet-nam/feed/"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&#038;current_view=2&#038;gallery_id=207&#038;tag=0&#038;theme_id=1&#038;shortcode_id=563&#038;sort_by=filename&#038;order_by=asc&#038;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         data-gallery-id="207"         data-popup-width="800"         data-popup-height="500"         data-is-album="gallery"         data-buttons-position="bottom">      <div id="bwg_container2_2">             <div id="ajax_loading_2" class="bwg_loading_div_1">      <div class="bwg_loading_div_2">        <div class="bwg_loading_div_3">          <div id="loading_div_2" class="bwg_spider_ajax_loading">          </div>        </div>      </div>    </div>            <form id="gal_front_form_2"              class="bwg-hidden"              method="post"              action="#"              data-current="2"              data-shortcode-id="563"              data-gallery-type="thumbnails"              data-gallery-id="207"              data-tag="0"              data-album-id="0"              data-theme-id="1"              data-ajax-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=bwg_frontend_data">          <div id="bwg_container3_2" class="bwg-background bwg-background-2">            <style>        #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg_gal_title_2 {          display: block;          padding: 2px;          background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);          line-height: 20px;          font-family: Ubuntu;          font-size: 18px;          font-weight: bold;          color: #323A45;          text-shadow: ;          text-align: center;        }        #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .bwg_gal_description_2 {          margin: 20px 0;          word-break: break-word;          text-align: justify;          font-size: 15px;          font-weight: unset;        }        </style>        <div class="bwg_gal_title_2">Tet_nouvel_an</div>            <div data-max-count="4"         data-thumbnail-width="120"         data-bwg="2"         data-gallery-id="207"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&amp;current_view=2&amp;gallery_id=207&amp;tag=0&amp;theme_id=1&amp;shortcode_id=563&amp;sort_by=filename&amp;order_by=asc&amp;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         id="bwg_thumbnails_2"         class="bwg-container-2 bwg-thumbnails bwg-standard-thumbnails bwg-container bwg-border-box">            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4495" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4495"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 1"                   title="tet 1" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 1</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4497" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4497"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   alt="tet 11"                   title="tet 11" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 11</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4500" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4500"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 12"                   title="tet 12" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 12</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4499" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4499"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="266"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 13"                   title="tet 13" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 13</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4498" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4498"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 14"                   title="tet 14" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 14</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4501" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4501"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   alt="tet 15"                   title="tet 15" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 15</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4502" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4502"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   alt="tet 16"                   title="tet 16" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 16</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4494" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4494"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 2"                   title="tet 2" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 2</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4493" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4493"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 3"                   title="tet 3" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 3</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4492" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4492"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 4"                   title="tet 4" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 4</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4491" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4491"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 5"                   title="tet 5" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 5</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4490" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4490"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="260"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 6"                   title="tet 6" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 6</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4489" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4489"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="269"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 7"                   title="tet 7" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 7</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4488" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4488"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 8"                   title="tet 8" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 8</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4487" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_2 "                   data-id="4487"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 9"                   title="tet 9" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 9</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>          </div>    <style>      /*pagination styles*/      #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .tablenav-pages_2 {				text-align: center;				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin: 6px 0 4px;				display: block;      }      @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {      #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .displaying-num_2 {     	 display: none;      }      }      #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 .displaying-num_2 {				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin-right: 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<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to writer <span style="color: #ff9900;">Phạm Huỳnh</span>, Tết is the sanctification, glorification, exaltation of family religion and ancestor worship. It&rsquo;s also when the whole family, from the youngest to the oldest, gathers around the cooking pot to steam the rice cake. On this day, the whole family comes together under the eye of the ancestors, whose tablets are uncovered on the carefully cleaned and richly decorated altar. On New year&rsquo;eve (or <span style="color: #ff6600;">đêm giao thừa</span>), the head of the family lights incense sticks on the altar to invite the souls of the ancestors to spend Tet with the living. </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is an occasion for the head of the family to pass on to his children the tradition of the cult of ancestors and teach them the rites of the cult.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Everyone, from the youngest to the oldest takes turn to bow down before the altar, each having a moving idea about the dead and imploring their help for the realization of deep wishes. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">One finds on the altar during the days of Tết not only refined dishes, hand picked fruits, cakes, especially the sweet rice cake and cups of tea or water, but also branches of flowering peach tree. The latter are chosen in such a way that they bloom during the festival of Tết.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tet is also the festival of children. They put on the most beautiful of their dresses and play together in the fireworks on the street. They receive from adults a red envelope containing a bill or a coin that would bring them luck for the whole year</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">As for adults, they go in procession in pagodas and try to know their future by pulling each a divinatory stick. It is also the occasion to obey certain elementary rules that all Vietnamese must know: banning bad words, toning down all quarrels, not touching broom, avoiding to be the first to show up at someone&rsquo;s house on the first day of the year.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is also the occasion to see the unicorn dance ( Múa Lân ) or the Dragon dance. This animal whose head is magnificently decorated and whose body is carried by several dancers, waves to the rhythm of the sound of drum. It is always accompanied by another smiling and portbellied dancer wearing a saffron robe (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Ông Ðịa</span>). It is the dance-combat between men and animals, between the Good and the Evil that is always ended up with the triumph of men over animals.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The festivities of Tết last for a week or even a month in certain villages. But because of the difficulties of life, it is the habit nowadays to stop working only during the first three days of the years.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Each year is symbolized by a cycle of 12 animals:</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff6600; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tý, Sủu, Dần, Mẹo, Thìn, Tị, Ngọ, Mùi, Thân, Dậu, Tuất , Hợi</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Rat, Buffalo, Tiger, Cat, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">From his or her birth each individual possesses an astral sign which is symbolized by the symbol animal of the year of birth.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Moreover, each symbol animal is associated with one of the five celestial elements  (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Wu Xing</span>)(ou <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ngũ Hành</span> in Vietnamese):</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Thủy, Hỏa, Mộc, Kim, Thổ</span><br />
<span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">chosen among the names of 10 heavenly stems grouped in pairs  (Jia, yi, Bing, ding, Wu, ji, geng,xin, ren, gui))(or <span style="color: #ff9900;">Hệ Can</span> in vietnamese <span style="color: #ff6600;"> Giáp, Ất, Bính, Đinh, Mậu, Kĩ, Canh, Tân, Nhâm, Qúi</span>: [Giáp, Ất] =<span style="color: #ff6600;">Wood</span> (Mộc), [Bính, Đinh]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Fire</span> (Hỏa), [Mậu,Kĩ]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Earth</span> (Thổ), [Canh, Tân]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Metal</span> (Kim), [Nhâm,Qúi]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Water</span> (Thủy))</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">That is why this year is the year of<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Fire horse</span>. It only comes back every sixty years (i.e. 1906, 1966, 2026, 2086 etc.). In the Annals of our history, there were two Tets the Vietnamese people remember for a long time: it was the Tet that allowed emperor <span style="color: #ff9900;">Quang Trung</span> to reconquer our capital Hànội in 1788 against the Qing and the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết Mậu Thân</span> in 1968 in South Vietnam. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">For every Vietnamese, Tết is an infinitely happy period that has the advantage of being renewed every year, allowing them to live for a few days in a kind of elation and satisfaction despite the ups and downs of life. Even poor people want to have a radiant life for a new Tết like the famous poet<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Trần Tế Xương</span> in his poem entitled: The New Year.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Friend, don&rsquo;t think that in this Tết I&rsquo;m poor!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">I haven&rsquo;t yet taken the money out of my safe</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">My chrysanthemum wine, they&rsquo;re slow to bring it;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">And lotus tea, the price to be debated,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">For the sweet cakes, I feared they would run</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">In the heat, as well as the pork pies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Too bad, let&rsquo;s wait until next year</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Friends, don&rsquo;t think I&rsquo;m poor this Tet!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">   Traditions maintained in occasion of New Year </span></p>
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<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: pre;">Let&rsquo;s talk about the horse in the Year of the Fire Horse</span></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/the-sweet-cake-rice-banh-chung-banh-day/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Sweet cake rice </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Bánh chưng bánh giày)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/cult-ancestors-tho-cung-tien/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The cult of ancestors </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Thờ cúng tổ tiên)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/myth-of-the-household-geniuses/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Myth  of the household geniuses</span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> ( Chuyện Táo Quân)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-du-bucheron/">Ritual stal of Tết</a> (Sử tích cây nêu)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/ong-do-le-calligraphe/">Old calligrapher</a> (Ông đồ già)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/danse-du-lion-ou-de-la-licorne-mua-lan-su/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">lion dance </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Múa lân sư)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/parallell-sentences-doanh-thiep/">Parallel sentences </a>(Doanh Thiếp)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Pussy Willow&rsquo;s buds </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Nụ Tầm Xuân)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-que-nha-saigon/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The beginnings of the new year ( Saigon, 2026)</span></a></li>
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<p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/coutumes-vietnamiennes-tap-quan/ic_sommeiljpg/" rel="attachment wp-att-42491"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-42491" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ic_sommeiljpg.jpg" alt="" width="128" height="105" /></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/new-year-binh-ngo/">New Year Bính Ngọ</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Nouvel an Bính Ngọ</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nouvel-an-binh-ngo/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Dec 2025 08:04:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lịch sử]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Traditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=58138</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Nouvel an Bính Ngọ (17 février 2026) Version vietnamienne Version anglaise Le mot «Tết»  est issu du mot « tiết » qui signifie dans le dictionnaire sino-vietnamien le tronçon  de bambou (ou đốt tre) au sens strict  ou au sens large  la</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nouvel-an-binh-ngo/">Nouvel an Bính Ngọ</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-58031 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval.jpg 878w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;">Nouvel an Bính Ngọ </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">(17 février 2026)</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/new-year-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le mot «Tết»  est issu du mot « tiết » qui signifie dans le dictionnaire sino-vietnamien le tronçon  de bambou (ou<span style="color: #ff6600;"> đốt tre</span>) au sens strict  ou au sens large  la période ou un espace de temps déterminé en fonction du climat dans l’année.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Au Vietnam, il existe de nombreux Tết  tels que Tết Trung Thu (ou fête de la mi -automne), Tết Thanh Minh (fête des morts), Tết Đoan Ngọ (ou fête de purge) etc. mais le Tết le plus important est Tết Nguyên Đán <span style="font-size: 20px;">(<span style="color: #ff6600;"> 節元旦</span>)</span> ou Tết Cả dans la culture vietnamienne.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">C&rsquo;est aussi la période où les paysans laissent reposer leurs champs tout en espérant avoir de meilleures récoltes l&rsquo;année prochaine grâce au renouveau de la nature nourricière. C&rsquo;est pourquoi dans l&rsquo;une des chansons populaires vietnamiennes on trouve les vers suivants:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Một năm là mười hai kỳ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Em ngồi em tính có gi` chẳng ra</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Tháng giêng ăn Tết ở nhà</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Tháng hai rỗi rãi quay ra nuôi tầm</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Une année comporte douze mois</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Assis, je peux les compter sans difficultés </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Au premier mois je reste à la maison pour fêter le Têt </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Au deuxième mois je peux commencer avec mon temps disponible, l&rsquo;élevage des vers à soie.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">C&rsquo;est aussi la fête de l&rsquo;amitié mais surtout celle du culte des ancêtres et des génies. D&rsquo;après les historiens, la célébration de cette fête remonte à l&rsquo;époque de la domination chinoise des Han (au premier siècle de l&rsquo;ère chrétienne). La préparation de cette fête est très minutieuse et nécessite de longs jours à l&rsquo;avance. Sept jours avant le Têt, il y a la cérémonie d&rsquo;adieu au génie du Foyer (Ông Táo). Celui-ci revient sur terre dans la nuit du Têt au trentième jour du douzième mois lunaire. Dans le village, devant chaque maison est dressée une perche de bambou (ou Cây Nêu) pouvant atteindre plusieurs mètres. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">On trouve sur cette perche des offrandes, des papiers votifs et des tablettes en argile cuite vibrant avec sonorité au gré du vent pour éloigner les esprits. C&rsquo;est une vieille tradition bouddhique  permettant d&rsquo;interdire l&rsquo;accès aux démons et aux fantômes. C&rsquo;est aussi dans le village qu&rsquo;on retrouve l&rsquo;ambiance de fête avec les préparatifs du Têt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Selon l’écrivain <span style="color: #ff9900;">Phạm Huỳnh</span>, le Tết est la sanctification, la glorification, l’exaltation de la religion familiale et du culte des ancêtres. C&rsquo;est aussi à cette occasion que toute la famille s&rsquo;est réunie du plus jeune jusqu&rsquo;au plus âgé autour de la marmite pour faire cuire  le gâteau de riz à la vapeur.  Elle se retrouve ce jour-là au grand complet sous l’œil des ancêtres dont les tablettes sont découvertes sur l’autel  nettoyé  avec soin et richement décoré. La veille du nouvel an (ou đêm giao thừa), le chef de famille allume les bâtonnets d&rsquo;encens sur l&rsquo;autel pour inviter les âmes des ancêtres à venir passer le Têt avec les vivants. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">C&rsquo;est une occasion pour le chef de famille de transmettre à ses enfants la tradition du culte des ancêtres et de leur apprendre les rites du culte. Tout le monde, du plus jeune jusqu&rsquo;au plus âgé se relaie pour se prosterner devant l&rsquo;autel, en ayant chacun une pensée émue pour les défunts et en implorant leur aide pour la réalisation de vœux profonds. On trouve non seulement durant les jours du Têt, sur l&rsquo;autel, tous les plats raffinés, des fruits triés sur le volet, des gâteaux, en particulier le gâteau de riz gluant et des tasses de thé ou d&rsquo;eau mais aussi les branches de pêchers (au nord Vietnam)  ou de cerisiers (au sud Vietnam)  en fleurs. Celles-ci sont choisies de manière que les fleurs éclosent durant les fêtes du Têt. Des présents apportés par les enfants  aux mânes des ancêtres  sont  aussi visibles sur l’autel pour faciliter leurs besoins dans l’autre vie. Le Têt n’est pas seulement la fête des vivants mais il est aussi la fête des morts. C’est aussi durant les trois premiers jours du Tết que ces derniers participent activement à la vie de leur famille et de leurs descendants. On les invoque aux deux principaux repas deux fois par jour. La fin du troisième jour, les mânes sont censés retourner dans l’autre monde et continuent à étendre sur les descendants les bienfaits de leur protection.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le Tết est aussi le moment de faire revivre une vieille tradition culturelle. On voit apparaître dans des endroits publics un grand nombre de lettrés des temps modernes (ou des maîtres calligraphes). Ils sont prêts à faire des traits artistiques dans l’écriture comme le  vol du dragon et la danse de phénix à l’encre de Chine sur les papiers d’un rouge  vermillon étalés sur les trottoirs  avec leur tour de main. Cela permet à ceux qui les leur demandent  parmi les passants de pouvoir les exposer devant leur maison et de rendre cette dernière encore plus belle. De telles sentences ne manquent pas d’être visibles autour des portes des maisons ou sur les colonnes d’une pagode ou d’un temple:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Thịt mỡ dưa hành câu đối đỏ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Cây nêu tràng pháo bánh chưng xanh</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Viande grasse, légumes salés, sentences parallèles rouges</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Mâts du Tết, chapelets de pétards, gâteaux de riz du nouvel an.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ou</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Thiên tăng tuế nguyệt nhân tăng thọ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Xuân mãn càn khôn, phúc mãn đường</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Du moment que le ciel a encore des mois et des années, vous vivez encore plus longtemps</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Du moment que le printemps arrive de nouveau sur terre, votre maisonnée est inondée de nouveau  de bonheur.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ou</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Niên niên tăng phú qúi</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Nhật nhật thọ vinh hoa.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Que les richesses s’accumulent au fil des années</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Que la gloire et le bonheur vous comblent  au fil des jours.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le Têt est aussi la fête des enfants. Ceux-ci sont parés de leurs plus beaux habits et s&rsquo;amusent ensemble aux pétards dans les rues. Ils reçoivent des adultes une enveloppe rouge contenant un billet ou une pièce de monnaie qui leur porte chance durant toute l&rsquo;année.  Quand aux adultes, ils se rendent en procession dans les pagodes et essaient de connaître leur avenir en tirant chacun une baguette divinatoire. C&rsquo;est aussi l&rsquo;occasion de respecter certaines règles élémentaires que tout Vietnamien doit savoir: bannir les gros mots, mettre en sourdine toutes les querelles, ne pas toucher au balai, éviter de se présenter chez quelqu&rsquo;un le premier jour de l&rsquo;année etc… durant toute l&rsquo;année. C&rsquo;est aussi l&rsquo;occasion de voir la danse de la licorne (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Múa Lân</span>) ou la danse du Dragon. Cet animal dont la tête est  décorée magnifiquement et dont le corps est porté par plusieurs danseurs ondule au rythme des sons des tambourins. Il est toujours accompagné par un autre danseur hilare et ventru agitant son éventail et portant une robe de couleur safran (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Ông Ðịa</span>). C&rsquo;est la danse-combat entre l&rsquo;homme et l&rsquo;animal, entre le Bien et le Mal qui se termine toujours par le triomphe de l&rsquo;homme sur l&rsquo;animal.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Les festivités du Têt se prolongent durant une semaine voire un mois dans certains villages. Mais à cause des difficultés de la vie, il est coutume de cesser de travailler seulement aujourd&rsquo;hui durant les trois premiers jours de l&rsquo;année.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans l&rsquo;horoscope vietnamien,  les signes astrologiques sont au nombre de douze et ils sont symbolisés par les douze animaux suivants: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Rat, Buffle, Tigre, Chat, Dragon, Serpent, Cheval, Chèvre, Singe, Coq, Chien</span> et<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Cochon</span> qui se succèdent dans un ordre très précis. Contrairement à l&rsquo;astrologie occidentale, le signe astrologique n&rsquo;est pas déterminé en fonction du mois de naissance mais plutôt selon l&rsquo;année de naissance. Chaque individu possède un signe astrologique  qui est symbolisé par l&rsquo;association de l&rsquo;un de ces animaux  trouvés  dans les douze branches terrestres et l&rsquo;un des cinq éléments célestes (Wu Xing)(ou Ngũ Hành en vietnamien): Thủy, Hỏa, Mộc, Kim, Thổ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600;">Eau</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Feu</span>,<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bois</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Métal</span> et <span style="color: #ff6600;">Terre</span>. Par exemple cette année est l&rsquo;année du<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Cheval de feu (Bính Ngọ)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le mot<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bính</span> est choisi parmi les  noms des 10 troncs célestes (ou thập thiên can en vietnamien) groupés 2 par 2 à partir du Yin et Yang et de la théorie des 5 éléments (Wuxing): Giáp, Ất, Bính, Đinh, Mậu, Kĩ, Canh, Tân, Nhâm, Qúi): [Giáp, Ất] =<span style="color: #ff6600;">Bois </span>(Mộc), [Bính, Đinh]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Feu</span> (Hỏa), [Mậu,Kĩ]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Terre </span>(Thổ), [Canh, Tân]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Métal</span> (Kim),[Nhâm,Quý]=<span style="color: #ff6600;">Eau</span> (Thủy)).  Ce mot<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bính </span>appartient ainsi  à l&rsquo;élément <span style="color: #ff6600;"> Feu</span>. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">C&rsquo;est pourquoi cette année est l&rsquo;année<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Tết Bính Ngọ </span>(Année du Cheval de Feu ). On ne la retrouve que tous les soixante ans (càd 1906, 1966, 2026, 2086 etc.). Dans les Annales de notre histoire, il y a eu deux Tết dont les Vietnamiens se souviennent longtemps: c&rsquo;est le Têt qui permit à l&#8217;empereur Quang Trung de reconquérir notre capitale Hanoï en 1788 contre les Qing et le Tết Mậu Thân en 1968 au Sud-Vietnam. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le Tết est pour chacun des Vietnamiens une période infiniment heureuse  qui a l’avantage de se renouveler tous les ans et qui lui permet de vivre durant quelques jours dans une sorte d’allégresse et d’avoir une satisfaction malgré les aléas de la vie. Même pauvre, on a envie d’avoir une vie radieuse pour un  nouvel Tết comme le célèbre poète<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Trần Tế Xương</span> dans son poème intitulé: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Le nouvel an</span> (*)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Ami, ne croyez pas qu&rsquo;en ce Tết je sois pauvre!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Je n&rsquo;ai pas encore retiré l&rsquo;argent de mon coffre</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Mon vin de chrysanthème, on tarde à l&rsquo;apporter;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Et le thé au lotus, le prix à débattre, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Pour les gâteaux sucrés, j&rsquo;ai craint qu&rsquo;ils ne coulent</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">À la chaleur, de même que les pâtés de porc.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Allons, tant pis, attendons l&rsquo;an prochain</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Amis, ne croyez pas qu&rsquo;en ce Têt je sois pauvre!</span></p>
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<p id="googleTranslate_container" class="inline-block min-h-8 text-primary-700 break-words font-medium text-base " style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Traditions entretenues à l&rsquo;occasion du nouvel an vietnamien:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Parlons de cheval en l&rsquo;année du Cheval de feu</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/gateau-de-riz-banh-chung-banh-day/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Gâteau de riz gluant </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Bánh chưng bánh giầy)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/le-mythe-de-tao-quan-chuyen-ong-tao/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le mythe de Táo Quân</span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> (Truyền thuyết ông Táo)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-du-bucheron/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le Tết du bûcheron </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Sử tích cây nêu)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/danse-du-lion-ou-de-la-licorne-mua-lan-su/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Danse de la licorne ou du lion </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Múa Lân sư)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/ong-do-le-calligraphe/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le calligraphe </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Nghề Ông Đồ)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/culte_des_ancetres/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le culte des ancêtres</span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> (Thờ cúng tổ tiên)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/doanh-thiep-version-vietnamienne/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Les sentences parallèles </span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Doanh thiếp)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/">Saule Marsault pleureur</a> (Nụ tầm xuân)</span></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-que-nha-saigon/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tết au Viet Nam (Saigon 2026)</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
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href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4495"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 1"                   title="tet 1" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 1</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4497" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4497"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   alt="tet 11"                   title="tet 11" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 11</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4500" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4500"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 12"                   title="tet 12" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 12</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4499" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4499"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="266"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 13"                   title="tet 13" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 13</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4498" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4498"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 14"                   title="tet 14" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 14</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4501" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4501"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   alt="tet 15"                   title="tet 15" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 15</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4502" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4502"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   alt="tet 16"                   title="tet 16" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 16</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4494" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4494"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 2"                   title="tet 2" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 2</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4493" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4493"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 3"                   title="tet 3" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 3</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4492" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4492"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 4"                   title="tet 4" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 4</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4491" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4491"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 5"                   title="tet 5" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 5</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4490" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4490"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="260"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_6.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 6"                   title="tet 6" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 6</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4489" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4489"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="269"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_7.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 7"                   title="tet 7" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 7</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4488" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4488"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_8.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 8"                   title="tet 8" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 8</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4487" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="4487"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_9.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 9"                   title="tet 9" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 9</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>          </div>    <style>      /*pagination styles*/      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 {				text-align: center;				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin: 6px 0 4px;				display: block;      }      @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .displaying-num_3 {     	 display: none;      }      }      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .displaying-num_3 {				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				margin-right: 10px;				vertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .paging-input_3 {				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				vertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 a.disabled,      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 a.disabled:hover,      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 a.disabled:focus,			#bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 input.bwg_current_page {				cursor: default;				color: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.5);      }      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 a,      #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 .tablenav-pages_3 input.bwg_current_page {				cursor: pointer;				text-align: center;				font-size: 12px;				font-family: segoe ui;				font-weight: bold;				color: #666666;				text-decoration: none;				padding: 3px 6px;				margin: 0;				border-radius: 0;				border-style: solid;				border-width: 1px;				border-color: #E3E3E3;								background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.00);				box-shadow: 0;				transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;      }      </style>      <span class="bwg_nav_cont_3">              <div class="tablenav-pages_3">                  </div>                <input type="hidden" id="page_number_3" name="page_number_3" value="1" />      <script type="text/javascript">        if( jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_3').length > 1 ) {          jQuery('.bwg_nav_cont_3').first().remove()        }        function spider_page_3(cur, x, y, load_more) {          if (typeof load_more == "undefined") {            var load_more = false;          }          if (jQuery(cur).hasClass('disabled')) {            return false;          }          var items_county_3 = 1;          switch (y) {            case 1:              if (x >= items_county_3) {                document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = items_county_3;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = x + 1;              }              break;            case 2:              document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = items_county_3;              break;            case -1:              if (x == 1) {                document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = 1;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = x - 1;              }              break;            case -2:              document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = 1;              break;						case 0:              document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = x;              break;            default:              document.getElementById('page_number_3').value = 1;          }          bwg_ajax('gal_front_form_3', '3', 'bwg_thumbnails_3', '0', '', 'gallery', 0, '', '', load_more, '', 1);        }                    jQuery('.first-page-3').on('click', function () {              spider_page_3(this, 1, -2, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.prev-page-3').on('click', function () {              spider_page_3(this, 1, -1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.next-page-3').on('click', function () {              spider_page_3(this, 1, 1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.last-page-3').on('click', function () {              spider_page_3(this, 1, 2, 'numeric');              return false;            });        				/* Change page on input enter. */        function bwg_change_page_3( e, that ) {          if (  e.key == 'Enter' ) {            var to_page = parseInt(jQuery(that).val());            var pages_count = jQuery(that).parents(".pagination-links").data("pages-count");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }	 												spider_page_3(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');							return false;						          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_3').on('click', function () {            spider_page_3(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      </script>      </span>                </div>        </form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_3 #bwg_container2_3 #spider_popup_overlay_3 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          </style>        <div id="bwg_spider_popup_loading_3" class="bwg_spider_popup_loading"></div>        <div id="spider_popup_overlay_3" class="spider_popup_overlay" onclick="spider_destroypopup(1000)"></div>        <input type="hidden" id="bwg_random_seed_3" value="798942230">                </div>    </div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery("#bwg_container1_3").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery("#bwg_container1_3"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery("#bwg_container1_3").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery("#bwg_container1_3"));            }          }        });      }    </script>    </li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return Tết Bính Ngọ]</span></a></p>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(*) Trích ra trong quyển sách có tựa đề : Các con cò trên cánh đồng lúa. Lê Thành Khôi. Nhà Xuất Bản Gallimard.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Extrait du livre intitulé « Aigrettes sur la rizière ». Auteur Lê Thành Khôi. Connaissances de l’Orient. Gallimard.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nouvel-an-binh-ngo/">Nouvel an Bính Ngọ</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Năm Ngọ nói chuyện ngựa</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:20:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lịch sử]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=58043</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Parlons ensemble de Cheval en cette année du Cheval de feu Version française Version anglaise Galerie des photos Ngựa là loại động vật mà không biết từ lúc nào bị loài người chinh phục được, nuôi dưởng và thuần hóa</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/">Năm Ngọ nói chuyện ngựa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-58042 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/aproposducheval-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="545" height="363" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/aproposducheval-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/aproposducheval-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/aproposducheval.jpg 878w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Parlons ensemble de Cheval </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">en cette année du<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Cheval de feu</span></span></p>
<p><a href="#version_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<a href="#version_eng"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ngựa là loại động vật mà không biết từ lúc nào bị loài người chinh phục được, nuôi dưởng và thuần hóa nó khiến nó trở thành từ đó một gia súc có lợi trong mọi cộng tác xê dịch, vận tải và chiến chinh. Nó là con vật không chỉ có sức mạnh phi thường, dẻo dai mà còn lại rất trung thành với chủ khiến nó  đựợc xem một vũ khí lợi hại trong binh mã. Những chiến công hiển hách ở đất nước ta đều có sự tham gia của ngựa. Bởi vậy vua chúa ta hay thường tri ân ngày xưa bằng cách tạc hình ngựa voi bằng đồng bằng đá cùng các quan văn quan  võ với quân sĩ để minh chứng những thời oanh liệt của dân tộc ta chống ngọai xâm. Người với ngựa như hình với bóng trong thời chinh chíến, chia sẻ gian truân cùng chung số phận. Không chỉ nữ sĩ  <span style="color: #ff9900;">Đoàn Thị Điểm</span> đã nhắc lại sự việc nầy trong «<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Chinh Phụ Ngâm</span>»:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Hơi gió lạnh người rầu mặt dạn</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Dòng nước sâu ngựa nản chân bon</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Ôm yên gối trống đã chồn</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Nằm vùng cát trắng, ngủ cồn rêu xanh</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Còn Thái Thượng Hoàng <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Thánh Tông</span> bùi ngùi khi trở về kinh thành sau chiến thắng giặc Nguyên Mông và thấy những con ngựa đá, chân còn dính bùn ở trước ngọ môn,  phải thốt lên trong lễ hiến phu hai câu thơ như sau:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Xã  tắc hai phen bon ngựa đá</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Non sông thiên cổ vững âu vàng.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong truyền thuyết nước ta có hai lần nhắc đến con ngựa. Lần đầu ở  trong truyền thánh Gióng tức là<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Phù Đổng Thiên Vương.</span> Dưới thời ngự trị của vua Hùng Vương thứ VI thì có giặc Ân-Thương  ở  bên Tàu rất hùng mạnh xâm chiếm nước ta. Vua buộc lòng sai người đi rao khắp nơi để kiếm người tài năng ra giúp nước diệt giặc.  Lúc bấy giờ ở làng Phù Đổng tỉnh Bắc Ninh có một đứa  trẻ  còn nằm nôi, nghe sứ giả đi mộ khắp dân gian xem có ai phá được giặc thì ban cho tước lộc. Bé dậy hỏi mẹ, mẹ mới bảo rõ ràng như vậy. <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thánh Gióng</span> mới nói: « Thế thì mẹ đem nhiều cơm đến đây cho con ăn » theo lời kể trong Việt Điện U Linh. Ngài mới ăn vài chén cơm. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Mấy tháng sau ngài cao lớn lên, rồi tự ra ứng mộ. Sứ giả thấy lạ mới đem ngài về kinh sư. Theo lời thỉnh cầu của ngài, vua  mới cho người đúc một con ngựa sắt và một chiếc roi dài cũng bằng sắt. Sau khi ăn mấy nong cơm mới thổi xong, ngài mới vươn vai một cái thì ngài cao lớn hơn 10 thước rồi ngài nhảy lên lưng ngựa, cầm côn sắt mà hét lớn « Ta là thiên tướng đấy »  rồi phi thẳng ra chiến trường. Ở nơi nầy, ngài thì hoa côn, ngựa thì phun lửa, giết vô số quân địch khiến nỗi làm côn gãy và buộc lòng nhổ tre mà đánh tiếp khiến quân Ân tẩu tán khắp nơi. Sau đó ngài phóng ngựa lên núi Sốc Sơn rồi biến mất. Vua Hùng nhớ ơn mới truyền lập đền thờ ở làng Phù Đổng thuộc huyện Gia Lâm ngoài thành Hà Nội. Năm nào cũng có lễ hội để tưởng nhớ ngài cả vào ngày mùng 8 tháng 4.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Chúng ta nên nhớ lại  nước ta rất rộng lớn lúc bấy giờ tên là Văn Lang  được  giáp  tới Nam Hải  (Quảng Đông) ở phiá đông, phía tây với  Ba Thục (hay Tứ Xuyên), ở phía bắc thì tới Ðộng Ðình hồ (Hồ Nam) và phía nam với vương quốc Hồ Tôn tức là Chiêm Thành (Chămpa). Dân tộc ta là nhóm dân Bách Việt còn sống thời đó ở vùng sông Dương Tử bên Tàu.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong Kinh Dịch được dịch bởi giáo sư  Bùi Văn Nguyên thì tác giả có nói đến một cuộc viễn chinh quân sự được thực hiện trong vòng ba năm bởi vua hiếu chiến của nhà Ân-Thương tên là  <span style="color: #ff9900;">Vũ Định</span> (Wu Ding)  ở  vùng Ðộng Ðình Hồ  (Kinh Châu) chống lại các dân du mục, thường được gọi là  «<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Qủi </span>». Dù biết là truyền thuyết nhưng với các cuộc khai quật gần đây, các cuộc thí nghiệm ADN, thì truyền thuyết nầy không phải chuyện hoang đường mà nó nói lên có sự xung đột giữa dân tộc ta với nhà Ân. Bởi vậy nước <span style="color: #ff6600;">Văn Lang</span> không có thiết lập bất kỳ mối quan hệ thương mại nào ở thời đó với nhà Ân-Thương cả.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Lần thứ nhì, ngựa được nhắc đến trong truyên <span style="color: #ff6600;">Sơn Tinh Thủy Tinh</span>. Trong truyền thuyết nầy, vua Hùng vương thứ 18 có một người con gái là Mị Nương, sắc đẹp lạ thường. Khi đến tuổi lấy chồng, tiếng tăm của nàng lại càng vang lên ở khắp bốn phương. Nhà vua quyết định chọn cho nàng một người chồng tài giỏi. Lúc đó có hai chàng trai, thông minh và tuấn tú, tình cờ đến cùng một lúc và xin cầu  hôn  Mị Nương. Một người được gọi là Sơn Tinh, chúa của các vùng núi non cao và các rừng sâu, còn người kia là Thủy Tinh, chúa các của các sông nòi và biển cả thăm thẳm.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Băn khoăn, vua cha không biết phải chọn người nào vì cả hai đều có tài năng vô song và quyền lực vô hạn nên mới bày ra thữ thách như sau: một trăm đĩa xôi, một con voi chín ngà, một con gà trống chín cựa, một con ngựa chín hồng mao. Người nào đem đến trước  với sính lễ nầy được làm chồng của Mị Nương.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ngày hôm sau, lúc rạng đông, Sơn Tinh đến trước với đầy đủ lễ vật và đưa người đẹp lên núi. Vừa hoang mang vừa tức giận, Thủy Tinh lao tới, dâng cao lên mực nước, quyết định vào núi bắt cóc Mị Nương. Sơn Tinh nâng núi cao hơn nữa. Thủy Tinh trổ tài năng của mình, đánh đuổi gió bão, sấm chớp làm rung chuyển cả núi rừng. Sơn Tinh giữ núi một cách vững vàng. Thủy Tinh nhờ đến thủy binh mà xông lên theo dòng nước, xông pha toàn lực. Sơn Tinh dùng các lưới sắt, cắt  đường tiếp tế,  lăn đá lấp hồn và đè bẹp  các thủy quái trôi dạt vào bờ. Chuyện nầy được kể lại trong <span style="color: #ff6600;">Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái </span>của<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Trần Thế Pháp </span>dưới tên là <span style="color: #ff6600;">Truyện núi Tản Viên</span>. Cứ hàng năm cở tháng bảy tháng tám dân ở vùng chân núi nầy hay thường bị gió to nước lớn làm ruộng đồng bị thiệt hại. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong sính lễ có một con ngựa chín hồng mao. Vậy nó phải là con ngựa phi thường, nó phải như thế nào mới được chọn trong sính lễ.  Cho đến giờ  thì  người xưa có nhắc đến  Ngựa Hạc (lông trắng toát), Ngựa Kim (lông trắng), Ngựa Hởi (lông trắng, bốn chân đen), Ngựa Hồng (lông màu nâu –hồng), Ngựa Tía (lông màu đỏ thắm) vân vân  vậy con ngựa chín hồng mao tức là phải có chín cái lông màu hồng, nó  phải có nên mới có ghi chú trong truyền thuyết nhưng chắc chắn nó phải hiếm hoi như <span style="color: #ff6600;">ngựa hãn huyết</span> ((mồ hôi đỏ như máu) (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Hãn huyết bảo mã</span>)) mà  được mang về  Trường An  bởi <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trương Kiên</span> vào năm -114 trước Công nguyên. Kích thước, tốc độ và sức mạnh của các con ngựa nầy  làm hài lòng vua Hán Vũ Đế vô cùng. Ngài không ngần ngại đặt cho những con ngựa này  với cái tên là « <span style="color: #ff6600;">thiên mã</span> » (tianma) (thiên mã). (thiên mã= ngựa trời). Chính vì con ngựa nầy mà <span style="color: #ff9900;">Hán Vũ Đế </span> buộc lòng phải tổ chức cuộc thám hiểm quân sự tốn hao quá mức không chỉ về trang bị và ngựa mà còn nhân mạng nửa  để có một kết quả không đáng với khoảng ba mươi con  thiên mã và ba nghìn con ngựa giống và ngựa cái bình thường. Nói đúng ra Hán Vũ Đế  cảm thấy bị sĩ nhục trước  sự từ chối cung cấp các con ngựa  nầy để đổi lấy quà tặng của nước <span style="color: #ff6600;">Đại Uyên</span> (Daiyuan), một tiểu vương quốc  nằm ở trong thung lũng Ferghana. Con ngựa thiên mã nầy nó trở thành biểu tượng quyền lực của Hán Vũ Đế và cũng nhờ đó mới có sự ra đời của con đường tơ lụa.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tuy là truyền thuyết nhưng chuyện Sơn Tinh Thủy Tinh cũng nói lên một phần nào lũ lụt triên miên mà dân tộc ta phải cam chịu lúc còn cư trú ở hạ  lưu sông Dương Tử (<span style="color: #ff6600;">văn hóa Lương Chử</span>) và cho đến ngày nay  ở đất nước ta.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nói đến ngựa chúng ta cũng không quên nhắc đến « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Trảm Mã Trà</span> ». Đây là một loại trà đước chế biến từ búp trà lên men trong bao tử ngựa khiến nó  có hương vị đặc biệt và làm giảm  đi độ chát. Cách chế biến nầy  được xuất phát từ núi Vu Sơn ở  <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tứ Xuyên</span>. Để lấy được trà này, người ta  phải bỏ đói ngựa vài ngày trước. Khi đến chân núi Vu Sơn thì ngựa được người thả ra. Bị bỏ đói gặp được rừng trà xanh non thì  ngựa vội vã ăn cho tới khi no bụng. Sau đó, con ngựa bị lùa ra khe suối gần  núi. Suối ở đây  hay th ường  có lá trà rụng xuống khiến lá bị  nát mủn nên nước suối  có màu đen và được gọi là suối Ô Long. Ngựa uống nước suối xong xuôi thì được đưa trở về nơi xuất phát. Lá trà trong bụng ngựa đã ngấm đều với nước suối Ô Long và lên men sau khoảng một ngày đường đi. Lúc nầy  con ngựa mới bị giết để lấy trà trong bao tử mà làm thành một loại trà độc đáo dành bán cho giới qúi tộc. Cách chế biến nầy cũng không thua chi cách chế biến gan ngỗng ở Pháp quốc nhưng cách biến chế nầy có phần cầu kỳ và kinh dị đấy.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ai có đến Hà Nội  thì sẽ có  dịp đến viếng thăm đền<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bạch Mã</span>. Nó tọa lạc ngày nay ở phố Hàng Buồm. Đây là một trong tứ trấn của thành Thăng Long xưa: Đền Quán Thánh (trấn giữ phía Bắc kinh thành), Đền Kim Liên (trấn giữ phía Nam kinh thành),  Đền Voi Phục (trấn giữ phía Tây kinh thành)  và Đền Bạch Mã ((trấn giữ phía Đông). Nó được xây dựng từ thế kỷ 9 để thờ thần<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Long Đỗ </span>(Rốn Rồng). Khi vua <span style="color: #ff9900;">Lý Thái Tổ</span> dởi đô từ Hoa Lư về Thăng Long thì ngài  có ý đắp thành cho vững chắc nhưng lúc nào thành cũng bị sụp nên vua sai người  đi cầu khẩn thần Long Đỗ  ở đền thì thấy một  con ngựa trắng ở trong đền đi ra. Nhờ  theo vết chân của ngựa, vua mới xây được  thành  vững  chắc.  Vua Lý Thái Tổ mới  phong thần làm thành hoàng của kinh thành <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thăng Long</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong sách chữ Hán lại có câu: « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hồ Mã tê Bắc phong; Việt điểu sào Nam chi</span> » có nghĩa là: Ngựa đất Hồ vào miền Trung nguyên thấy gió bắc thổi thì hí lên còn chim đất Việt vào miền Trung nguyên vẫn làm tổ ở cành phía Nam. Theo truyền thuyết thì ngoài lễ  sính vật như vàng ngọc châu báu, voi, tê giác,  Hùng Vương còn  biếu  cho vua Tàu một con bạch trĩ.  Con nầy  đựợc  nuôi trong vườn thượng uyển. Lúc nào nó cũng kiếm đậu ở các cành cây hướng về phía nam.  Bởi vậy mới có thành ngữ  « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Chim Việt đậu cành Nam</span> » để ám chỉ  người Việt dù ở nơi nào đi nữa lúc nào cũng nhớ quê hương và nước non. Còn con ngựa Hồ, đây là một phẩm cống mà Hán Vũ Đế  nhận được từ nước Hồ nằm phía bắc Trung Hoa. Nó cứ buồn rầu không ăn uống chi cả chỉ khi có gió bắc thì nó hí lên một cách thảm thiết.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Như ta được biết ngựa rất trung thành với chủ nhân cũng như chó. Bởi vậy ở Việt Nam nơi nào có chùa của người Hoa thì có thờ  <span style="color: #ff9900;">Quan Vũ</span>, một vị tướng nổi tiếng thời <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tam Quốc</span> thì bên cạnh ông luôn luôn có một con ngựa đựợc tạc tư</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">ợng tên lả Xích Thố. Con ngựa nầy theo ông lập nhiều chiến công. Đến khi  Quan Vũ bị giết, con ngựa<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Xich Thố  </span>này bỏ ăn rồi chết theo. Từ nay ngựa Xích Thố trong văn hóa dân gian lại gắn liền với hình tượng nhân vật Quan Vũ (Quan Công).</span> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Mỗi năm được tượng trưng bởi một con vật trong Âm lịch nước ta. Như vây năm 2026  là năm con ngựa (hay Ngọ) được chọn trong 12 con vật. Theo thuật số  thì có 4 con vật  xung khắc với nhau  trong các năm tuổi như đã quy đinh trong câu: « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tý Ngọ Mẹo  Dậu tứ hành xung</span> ». Như vậy ai mà tuổi ngọ năm nay  là cái tuổi  đang nhiều vận hạn  mà còn xung khắc với các năm Mẹo, Dậu và Tý.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ở Việt Nam nhất là ở trong Nam hay thường dung chữ «ngựa » để ám chỉ các phụ nữ  hư thân mất nết hay dữ tợn, lúc nào cũng lồng lên như ngựa thượng tứ. Ngựa nầy xuất phát từ cửa Thượng Tứ ở Huế, nơi có cái trại nuôi ngựa của hoàng gia.  Ngựa nuôi ở đây là loại ngựa chiến, rất dữ tợn, lúc nào rừng rực nhất là với mùa hứng tình lồng lộn ưa hí. Bởi vậy mới có sự kết hợp giữa từ đĩ của miền Bắc và từ ngựa Thượng Tứ ở miền Trung để rồi trở thành từ đó cái thói quen, lối chưởi của  người miền Nam đế  nói lên sự khinh miệt đối với các phụ nữ mất nết na thùy mị và đoan trang.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_fra"></a><span style="color: #ff6600;">Version française</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le cheval est un animal dont on ne sait pas depuis quand il a été conquis, élevé et domestiqué par l&rsquo;homme, ce qui en a fait depuis lors un bétail utile dans tous les types de déplacement, de transport et de guerre. C&rsquo;est un animal non seulement fort et résistant, mais aussi très fidèle à son maître, ce qui en fait une arme redoutable dans la cavalerie. De nombreuses victoires glorieuses de notre pays ont été remportées grâce aux chevaux. C&rsquo;est pourquoi nos rois ont souvent rendu hommage au passé en sculptant des chevaux et des éléphants en bronze ou en pierre ainsi que des mandarins et des soldats civils et militaires, pour commémorer les périodes glorieuses de la résistance de notre nation contre les envahisseurs étrangers. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">L&rsquo;homme et le cheval sont inséparables en temps de guerre, partageant les difficultés et le même destin. La poétesse<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Đoàn Thị Điểm</span> a rappelé cet événement dans « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Chinh Phụ Ngâm</span> (La complainte de la femme d’un guerrier) » comme suit:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Le souffle du vent froid  froisse le visage impassible</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Dans l&rsquo;eau profonde, le cheval découragé peine à s&rsquo;avancer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">S&rsquo;appuyant sur un coussin vide avec la selle posée dessus, il a été épuisé.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Couché  sur les dunes de sable blanc, il dort au milieu de monticules verdoyants et moussus.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Étant de  retour dans la capitale après sa victoire contre  les envahisseurs mongols et voyant les chevaux de pierre aux sabots couverts de boue devant la porte Ngọ Môn, l&#8217;empereur émérite <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Thánh Tông</span> s&rsquo;exclama dans les deux vers suivants lors de la cérémonie d&rsquo;offrande :</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">La nation a été ballottée deux fois par des chevaux de pierre,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Les montagnes et les rivières resteront inébranlables pour l&rsquo;éternité.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans les légendes vietnamiennes, les chevaux sont mentionnés à deux reprises. La première fois, c&rsquo;est dans la légende de Saint Gióng, également connu sous le nom de Phù Đổng Thiên Vương. Sous le règne du roi Hùng Vương VI, les puissants envahisseurs Yin-Shang venus de Chine déferlèrent sur leterritoire vietnamien. Le roi fut contraint d&rsquo;envoyer des messagers à travers le pays afin de recruter des personnes talentueuses capables d&rsquo;aider la nation à repousser les envahisseurs. À cette époque, dans le village de Phù Đổng de la province de Bắc Ninh, un bébé, encore dans son berceau, entendit les messagers parcourir le pays, recrutant des hommes pour voir si quelqu&rsquo;un pourrait vaincre les envahisseurs, et leur promettant titres et récompenses. Le bébé se réveilla et interrogea sa mère, qui lui expliqua la situation. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Selon le récit du Việt Điển U Linh, saint Gióng dit : « Mère, apporte-moi du riz en abondance. » Il n&rsquo;en mangea que quelques bols. Quelques mois plus tard, il grandit et se porta volontaire pour la guerre. Surpris, le messager le conduisit à la capitale. À sa demande, le roi fit forger un cheval de fer et un long fouet. Après avoir mangé plusieurs paniers de riz fraîchement cuit, il  s’étira et grandit jusqu&rsquo;à atteindre plus de dix mètres. Puis il sauta alors sur le dos du cheval. En s&#8217;emparant du fouet, il cria : « Je suis un général céleste ! » et il galopa droit vers le champ de bataille.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Là, il brandit son fouet et il tua ainsi d&rsquo;innombrables soldats ennemis  avec son cheval crachant du feu,. Son bâton se brisa,  ce qui l&rsquo;obligea à déraciner des bambous pour poursuivre le combat et  il dispersa l&rsquo;armée Yin dans toutes les directions. Puis, il lança le cheval vers le mont Sóc Sơn et il disparut. En se souvenant de sa bravoure, le roi Hùng ordonna la construction d&rsquo;un temple dans le village de Phù Đổng, district de Gia Lâm, près de Hanoï. Chaque année, un festival est organisé en son honneur le huitième jour du quatrième mois lunaire.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nous devons nous rappeler que notre pays était très vaste à cette époque, appelé Văn Lang, bordé à l&rsquo;est par la mer du Sud (Guangdong), à l&rsquo;ouest par Ba Thục (ou Sichuan), au nord par le lac Dongting (Hunan) et au sud par le royaume de Hồ Tôn, c&rsquo;est-à-dire Chiêm Thành (Chămpa). Notre peuple appartenait au groupe ethnique Bai Yue, encore vivant à cette époque dans la région du fleuve Yangtsé en Chine.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans le<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Livre des Mutations</span> traduit par le professeur <span style="color: #ff9900;">Bùi Văn Nguyên</span>, l&rsquo;auteur parle d&rsquo;une expédition militaire menée pendant trois ans par le roi belliqueux de la dynastie Yin-Shang nommé Wu Ding dans la région du lac Dongting (Jingzhou) contre des peuples nomades, souvent appelés « Qủi ». Bien que ce soit une légende, grâce aux récentes fouilles archéologiques et aux tests ADN, cette légende n&rsquo;est pas une fable mais témoigne d&rsquo;un conflit entre notre peuple et la dynastie Yin. C&rsquo;est pourquoi le royaume de Văn Lang n&rsquo;a établi aucune relation commerciale avec la dynastie Yin-Shang à cette époque.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">La deuxième fois, le cheval est mentionné dans la légende de<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Sơn Tinh</span> et<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Thủy Tinh</span>. Dans cette légende, le 18ème roi Hùng a une fille nommée Mị Nương, d&rsquo;une beauté exceptionnelle. À l&rsquo;âge de se marier, sa renommée s&rsquo;étend dans toutes les directions. Le roi décide de lui choisir un mari talentueux. À ce moment-là, deux jeunes hommes, intelligents et beaux, arrivent par hasard en même temps et demandent la main de Mị Nương. L&rsquo;un est appelé Sơn Tinh, seigneur des montagnes et des forêts profondes, et l&rsquo;autre est Thủy Tinh, seigneur des rivières et des vastes océans.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Après trois jours et trois nuits,  Thủy Tinh  battu davantage chaque jour, fut obligé de retirer ses troupes et ramener les flots. Pour assurer sa tranquillité Sơn Tinh opéra le miracle d’élever les deux montagnes des époux au plus haut dans l’endroit  des demeures des Dieux. Plus tard, le peuple les appellera Montagne du Monsieur et Montagne de la Dame, au pied desquelles un temple fut dédié à Sơn Tinh et à Mị Nương. Cette légende a été rapportée dans l’ouvrage intitulé   » <span style="color: #ff6600;">Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái</span> (ou les contes étranges à Lĩnh Nam) » de <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Thế Pháp</span> sous  le nom du titre « Histoire de la montagne Tản Viên ». Tous les ans vers le mois de juillet ou Août, les habitants vivant au pied de cette montagne ont l’habitude de subir le vent puissant et violent et la grande inondation provoquant ainsi des dégâts importants au niveau de la récolte. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans la dot, il y avait un cheval aux neuf crins roses. Il devait donc être un cheval exceptionnel, il fallait qu&rsquo;il soit ainsi pour être choisi dans la dot. Jusqu&rsquo;à présent, les anciens ont mentionné le Cheval Grue (robe et crinière toute blanche), le Cheval Or (robe blanche), le Cheval Hởi (robe blanche, quatre pattes noires), le Cheval Rose (robe de couleur brun-rose), le Cheval Pourpre (robe de couleur rouge vif), etc. Ainsi, le cheval aux neuf crins roses signifie qu&rsquo;il doit posséder neuf crins de couleur rose. Il devait en avoir ainsi pour être signalé  dans la légende, mais il est certain qu&rsquo;il devait être rare comme le cheval suant du sang (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Hãn huyết bảo mã</span>) que  <span style="color: #ff9900;">Zhang Qian</span> ramena à Chang An en l&rsquo;an 114 avant J.-C. La taille, la vitesse et la force de ces chevaux contentèrent énormément l&#8217;empereur Han Wudi. Il n&rsquo;hésita pas à donner à ces chevaux le nom de « <span style="color: #ff6600;">tianma</span> » (cheval céleste). (<span style="color: #ff6600;">tianma = cheval du ciel</span>). C&rsquo;est à cause de ce cheval que l&#8217;empereur<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Han Wudi</span> fut contraint d&rsquo;organiser une expédition militaire extrêmement coûteuse, non seulement en équipement et en chevaux, mais aussi en vies humaines, pour un résultat qui ne valait pas la peine, avec environ trente chevaux célestes et trois mille chevaux reproducteurs et juments ordinaires. En réalité, l&#8217;empereur Han Wudi se sentit humilié par le refus de fournir ces chevaux en échange de cadeaux du royaume de<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Daiyuan</span>, un petit royaume situé dans la vallée de<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Ferghana</span>. Ce cheval céleste devint un symbole de pouvoir pour l&#8217;empereur Han Wudi et c&rsquo;est grâce à lui que la route de la soie vit le jour.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">En parlant des chevaux, nous ne pouvons pas oublier de mentionner le « Trảm Mã Trà (décapiter le cheval pour l’obtention du thé) ». C&rsquo;est un type de thé fabriqué à partir de bourgeons de thé fermentés dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;un cheval, ce qui lui confère une saveur particulière  réduisant ainsi l&rsquo;astringence. Cette méthode de préparation provient de la  montagne Wushan (Vũ Sơn) dans le Sichuan. Pour obtenir ce thé, on doit affamer le cheval durant quelques jours au préalable. Arrivés au pied de la montagne Wushan, le cheval est relâché par les hommes. Affamé, il se précipite pour manger les jeunes feuilles de thé vert jusqu&rsquo;à  ce qu’il soit rassasié. Ensuite, le cheval est conduit vers un ruisseau près de la montagne. Ce ruisseau contient souvent des feuilles de thé tombées qui se désagrègent et donnent à l&rsquo;eau une couleur noire. <span style="font-size: 16px;">Ce ruisseau est  connu sous le nom  » <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ô Long</span>« . Après avoir bu cette eau, le cheval est ramené à son point de départ. Les feuilles de thé dans l&rsquo;estomac du cheval ont absorbé l&rsquo;eau du ruisseau Ô Long et ont fermenté pendant environ une journée de voyage. C&rsquo;est alors que le cheval est abattu pour récupérer le thé dans son estomac. Ce thé est transformé en un thé unique destiné à la vente aux nobles</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">. <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Cette méthode de préparation n&rsquo;est pas moins raffinée que celle du foie gras en France, mais elle est quelque peu complexe et macabre.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Quiconque visite Hanoï aura l&rsquo;occasion de découvrir le temple <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bạch Mã </span>(Cheval Blanc), situé aujourd&rsquo;hui à la rue Hàng Buồm (Rue des voiles). Il fait partie des quatre temples gardiens de l&rsquo;ancienne citadelle de Thăng Long: le temple <span style="color: #ff6600;">Quan Thánh</span> (gardien du nord de la citadelle), le temple <span style="color: #ff6600;">Kim Liên</span> (gardien du sud), le temple<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Voi Phục</span> (gardien de l&rsquo;Ouest) et le temple <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bạch Mã</span> (gardien de l&rsquo;Est). Il fut construit au IXème siècle en l&rsquo;honneur du génie  <span style="color: #ff6600;">Long Đỗ</span> (Nom du Dragon).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Lors du transfert de la capitale de Hoa Lư à Thăng Long, le roi Lý Thái Tổ souhaita y bâtir une citadelle imprenable mais celle-ci s&rsquo;effondrait sans cesse. Il envoya alors des hommes d’aller  prier le génie Long Đỗ au temple. Ils y virent l&rsquo;apparition  d&rsquo;un cheval blanc. En suivant ses empreintes laissées par cet équidé dans sa marche, ils réussirent à édifier solidement la citadelle. Lý Thái Tổ conféra désormais  à ce génie le titre de dieu tutélaire de Thăng Long.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans les livres en caractères chinois, il y a une phrase : «<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Hồ Mã tê Bắc phong</span> ; <span style="color: #ff6600;">Việt điểu sào Nam chi</span> » qui signifie : Le cheval du pays des Hồ, arrivé dans la plaine centrale, hennit quand il sent le vent du nord  tandis que l&rsquo;oiseau du pays  des Vietnamiens se trouvant dans la même plaine, fait toujours son nid sur la branche du sud. Selon la légende, en plus des offrandes comme l&rsquo;or, les bijoux précieux, les éléphants et les rhinocéros, le roi Hùng a également offert au roi chinois un faisan blanc. Ce dernier était élevé dans un jardin impérial. Il cherchait toujours à se percher sur les branches orientées vers le sud. C’est ainsi qu’est née l’expression «<span style="color: #ff6600;"> L’oiseau des Vietnamiens se perche sur la branche du sud</span> »  faisant référence au fait que les Vietnamiens  où qu’ils soient, n’oublient jamais leur pays natal et leur patrie. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Quant au cheval des Hồ, il s’agit bien  d’un tribut que l’empereur Han Wudi a reçu du royaume des Hồ, situé au nord de la Chine. Cet équidé triste, ne mangeait rien, et ne hennissait que d’une manière lamentable lorsqu’il y avait le souffle du vent venant du nord.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Comme chacun sait, le cheval est aussi fidèle à son  propriétaire comme le chien. C&rsquo;est pourquoi, au Vietnam, à proximité de chaque temple chinois, se dresse toujours une statue de<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Guan Yu</span>, le célèbre général de l&rsquo;époque des<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Trois Royaumes</span>. Son cheval nommé <span style="color: #ff6600;">Xích Thố</span>, l&rsquo;accompagna dans de nombreuses victoires. À la mort de Guan Yu, le cheval Xích Thố cessa de s&rsquo;alimenter et mourut avec lui. Dès lors, dans le folklore, le cheval Xích Thố  fut associé à l&rsquo;image de Guan Yu (Guan Gong).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans le calendrier lunaire vietnamien, chaque année est symbolisée par un animal. Ainsi, 2026 est l&rsquo;année du Cheval (ou Ngọ), choisie parmi les douze animaux. Selon la numérologie, quatre animaux sont en conflit au cours des années zodiacales, comme l&rsquo;indique le proverbe : « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tý, Ngọ, Mẹo, Dậu</span> sont  les quatre animaux antagonistes (Rat, Cheval, Chat, Coq). » Par conséquent, les personnes nées sous  l&rsquo;année du Cheval connaissent de nombreux malheurs et sont également en conflit avec les années des animaux<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Mẹo</span> (Chat), <span style="color: #ff6600;">Dậu</span> (Coq) et <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tý</span> (Rat).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Au Vietnam, surtout dans le sud, on utilise souvent le mot « cheval » pour désigner les femmes débauchées, sans morale ou méchantes, toujours en colère comme un cheval de Thượng Tứ. Ce cheval vient de la porte Thượng Tứ à Huế, où se trouvait un lieu d&rsquo;élevage de chevaux de la royauté. Ceux-ci sont des chevaux de guerre, très féroces, toujours les plus excités surtout pendant la saison des amours où ils hennissent bruyamment. C’est pourquoi il y a une combinaison entre le mot « prostituée » du Nord et le mot « cheval de Thượng Tứ » du Centre, qui est devenue ainsi cette habitude, cette manière d’insulter des gens du Sud pour exprimer leur mépris envers les femmes sans morale.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_eng"></a><span style="color: #ff6600;">Version anglaise</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The horse is an animal whose conquest, breeding, and domestication by man are of unknown antiquity, which has since made it a useful beast for all kinds of travel, transport, and war. It is an animal not only strong and hardy, but also very loyal to its master, which makes it a formidable weapon in the cavalry. Many of our country&rsquo;s glorious victories were won thanks to horses. That is why our kings often paid tribute to the past by sculpting horses and elephants in bronze or stone as well as mandarins and civil and military soldiers, to commemorate the glorious periods of our nation&rsquo;s resistance against foreign invaders.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Man and horse are inseparable in wartime, sharing hardships and the same fate. The poet <span style="color: #ff9900;">Đoàn Thị Điểm</span> recalled this event in “<span style="color: #ff6600;">Chinh Phụ Ngâm</span> (The Lament of the Soldier’s Wife)” as follows:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">The breath of the cold wind wrinkles the impassive face</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">In the deep water, the discouraged horse struggles to move forward.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Leaning on an empty cushion with the saddle placed on it, it is exhausted.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Lying on the white sand dunes, it sleeps amid verdant, mossy mounds.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Back in the capital after his victory against the Mongol invaders and seeing the stone horses with mud-covered hooves in front of the Ngọ Môn gate, the retired emperor <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Thánh Tông</span> exclaimed the following two lines during the offering ceremony:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">The nation has been tossed twice by stone horses,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">The mountains and rivers will remain unshakable for eternity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In Vietnamese legends, horses are mentioned twice. The first time is in the legend of Saint Gióng, also known as<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Phù Đổng Thiên Vương</span>. During the reign of King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Hùng Vương VI</span>, the powerful Yin-Shang invaders from China swept over Vietnamese territory. The king was forced to send messengers throughout the country to recruit talented people capable of helping the nation repel the invaders. At that time, in the village of Phù Đổng in Bắc Ninh province, a baby, still in his cradle, heard the messengers traveling the country, recruiting men to see if anyone could defeat the invaders, and promising them titles and rewards. The baby woke and questioned his mother, who explained the situation to him.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to the account in <span style="color: #ff6600;">Việt Điển U Linh</span>, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Saint Gióng</span> said: « Mother, bring me abundant rice. » He ate only a few bowls. A few months later, he grew up and volunteered for the war. Surprised, the messenger took him to the capital. At his request, the king had an iron horse and a long whip forged. After eating several baskets of freshly cooked rice, he stretched and grew until he reached more than ten meters. Then he jumped onto the horse&rsquo;s back. Seizing the whip, he cried, « I am a celestial general! » and he galloped straight toward the battlefield.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">There, he brandished his whip and thus killed countless enemy soldiers with his horse spitting fire. His staff broke, which forced him to uproot bamboos to continue the fight and he scattered the Yin army in all directions. Then, he sent the horse toward Sóc Sơn Mountain and disappeared. In remembrance of his bravery, King Hùng ordered the construction of a temple in the village of Phù Đổng, Gia Lâm district, near Hanoi. Each year, a festival is held in his honor on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">We must remember that our country was very vast at that time, called Văn Lang, bordered on the east by the South Sea (Guangdong), on the west by Ba Thục (or Sichuan), to the north by Dongting Lake (Hunan) and to the south by the kingdom of Hồ Tôn, that is Chiêm Thành (Chămpa). </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Our people belonged to the Bai Yue ethnic group, still living at that time in the Yangtze River region of China.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In the Book of Changes translated by Professor<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Bùi Văn Nguyên</span>, the author speaks of a military expedition lasting three years led by the warlike king of the Yin-Shang dynasty named Wu Ding in the Dongting Lake (Jingzhou) region against nomadic peoples, often called « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Qủi</span>« . Although it is a legend, thanks to recent archaeological excavations and DNA tests, this legend is not a fable but attests to a conflict between our people and the Yin dynasty. That is why the kingdom of Văn Lang established no commercial relations with the Yin-Shang dynasty at that time.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The second time, the horse is mentioned in the legend of<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Sơn Tinh</span> and <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thủy Tinh</span>. In this legend, the 18th King Hùng has a daughter named Mị Nương, of exceptional beauty. At marriageable age, her renown spreads in all directions. The king decides to choose a talented husband for her. At that moment, two young men, intelligent and handsome, happen to arrive at the same time and ask for Mị Nương&rsquo;s hand. One is called Sơn Tinh, lord of the mountains and deep forests, and the other is Thủy Tinh, lord of the rivers and vast oceans.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">After three days and three nights, Thủy Tinh, beaten more each day, was forced to withdraw his troops and bring back the floods. To ensure his peace, Sơn Tinh performed the miracle of raising the two husband-and-wife mountains to the highest place among the abodes of the Gods. Later, the people would call them the Mister Mountain and the Miss Mountain, at the foot of which a temple was dedicated to Sơn Tinh and Mị Nương. This legend was recorded in the work entitled « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái</span> (or the strange tales of Lĩnh Nam) » by <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Thế Pháp</span> under the title « <span style="color: #ff6600;">The Story of Tản Viên Mountain</span>« . Every year around July or August, the inhabitants living at the foot of this mountain are accustomed to enduring powerful and violent winds and great flooding, thus causing significant damage to the crops.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In the dowry, there was a horse with nine pink manes. It therefore had to be an exceptional horse; it had to be like that to be chosen as part of the dowry. To this day, the elders have mentioned the Crane Horse (coat and mane all white), the Gold Horse (white coat), the Hởi Horse (white coat, four black legs), the Pink Horse (brown-pink colored coat), the Purple Horse (bright red colored coat), etc. Thus, the horse with nine pink manes means that it must have nine manes of pink color.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">He must have been such to be noted in legend, but it is certain that he must have been rare like the blood-sweating horse (Hãn huyết bảo mã) that <span style="color: #ff9900;">Zhang Qian</span> brought back to Chang&rsquo;an in 114 BC. The size, speed and strength of these horses greatly pleased Emperor Han Wudi. He did not hesitate to give these horses the name « <span style="color: #ff6600;">tianma</span> » (heavenly horse). (tianma = horse of the sky). It was because of this horse that Emperor Han Wudi was forced to organize an extremely costly military expedition, not only in equipment and horses, but also in human lives, for a result that was not worth it, with about thirty heavenly horses and three thousand breeding stallions and ordinary mares. In reality, Emperor Han Wudi felt humiliated by the refusal to provide these horses in exchange for gifts from the kingdom of <span style="color: #ff6600;">Dayuan</span>, a small kingdom located in the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ferghana</span> valley. This heavenly horse became a symbol of power for Emperor Han Wudi and it is thanks to it that the<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Silk Road</span> came into being.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Speaking of horses, we cannot forget to mention « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Trảm Mã Trà</span> (decapitate the horse to obtain the tea). » It is a type of tea made from tea buds fermented in the stomach of a horse, which gives it a particular flavor that reduces astringency. This preparation method comes from <span style="color: #ff6600;">Wushan</span> (Vũ Sơn) mountain in Sichuan. To obtain this tea, the horse must be starved for a few days beforehand. Upon reaching the foot of Wushan mountain, the horse is released by the men. Hungry, it rushes to eat the young green tea leaves until it is full. Then the horse is led to a stream near the mountain. This stream often contains fallen tea leaves that break down and give the water a black color. This stream is known as <span style="color: #ff6600;">« Ô Long</span>. » After drinking this water, the horse is returned to its starting point. The tea leaves in the horse&rsquo;s stomach have absorbed the water from the Ô Long stream and fermented during about a day&rsquo;s travel. It is then that the horse is slaughtered to retrieve the tea from its stomach. This tea is processed into a unique tea intended for sale to nobles. This preparation method is no less refined than <span style="color: #ff6600;">foie gras</span> in France, but it is somewhat complex and macabre.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Anyone who visits Hanoi will have the opportunity to discover the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bạch Mã</span> (White Horse) Temple, now located on Hàng Buồm Street (Sail Street). It is one of the four guardian temples of the former citadel of Thăng Long: the<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Quan Thánh</span> Temple (guardian of the north of the citadel), the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Kim Liên</span> Temple (guardian of the south), the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Voi Phục</span> Temple (guardian of the west) and the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bạch Mã</span> Temple (guardian of the east). It was built in the 9th century in honor of the spirit <span style="color: #ff6600;">Long Đỗ</span> (Dragon&rsquo;s Name).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">When the capital was moved from Hoa Lư to Thăng Long, King<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Lý Thái Tổ</span> wished to build an impregnable citadel but it kept collapsing. He then sent men to pray to the spirit Long Đỗ at the temple. They saw the appearance of a white horse. By following the footprints left by this animal as it walked, they succeeded in solidly erecting the citadel. Lý Thái Tổ thereafter conferred on this spirit the title of tutelary deity of Thăng Long.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In books written in Chinese characters, there is a sentence: « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hồ Mã tê Bắc phong; Việt điểu sào Nam chi</span> » which means: The horse of the land of Hồ, arriving on the central plain, neighs when it feels the north wind, while the bird of the land of the Vietnamese, being on the same plain, always builds its nest on the southern branch. According to legend, in addition to offerings such as gold, precious jewels, elephants and rhinoceroses, King Hùng also gave the Chinese king a white pheasant. The latter was raised in an imperial garden. It always sought to perch on branches facing south. Thus was born the expression « The bird of the Vietnamese perches on the southern branch » referring to the fact that the Vietnamese, wherever they are, never forget their native land and homeland. As for the horse of the Hồ, it was indeed a tribute that Emperor Han Wudi received from the kingdom of Hồ, located north of China. This sorrowful steed ate nothing, and only neighed in a lamentable way when there was the breath of wind coming from the north.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">As everyone knows, the horse is as loyal to its owner as the dog. That is why, in Vietnam, near every Chinese temple, there is always a statue of Guan Yu, the famous general from the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Three Kingdoms</span> era. His horse named <span style="color: #ff6600;">Xích Thố</span> accompanied him in many victories. At Guan Yu&rsquo;s death, the horse Xích Thố stopped eating and died with him. Since then, in folklore, the horse Xích Thố has been associated with the image of <span style="color: #ff9900;">Guan Yu</span> (Guan Gong).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In the Vietnamese lunar calendar, each year is symbolized by an animal. Thus, 2026 is the Year of the Horse (or Ngọ), chosen among the twelve animals. According to numerology, four animals are in conflict during the zodiac years, as the proverb indicates: « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tý, Ngọ, Mẹo, Dậu</span> are the four antagonistic animals (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Rat, Horse, Cat, Rooster</span>). » Therefore, people born in the Year of the Horse experience many misfortunes and are also in conflict with the years of the animals Mẹo (Cat), Dậu (Rooster) and Tý (Rat).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In Vietnam, especially in the South, the word « horse » is often used to refer to dissolute, immoral, or mean women, always angry like a Thượng Tứ horse. This horse comes from the Thượng Tứ gate in Huế, where there was a royal horse breeding farm. These are war horses, very fierce, always the most excited especially during the mating season when they neigh loudly. That is why there is a combination between the word « prostitute » from the North and the word « Thượng Tứ horse » from the Central region, which has thus become this habit, this way of insulting people from the South to express their contempt for immoral women.</span></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return TET BÍNH NGỌ]</span></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/">Năm Ngọ nói chuyện ngựa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Tết Bính Ngọ (version vietnamienne)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Dec 2025 05:39:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lịch sử]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Tết Nguyên Đán (17 Février 2026) Version française Version anglaise Galerie des photos Nguyên nghĩa của chữ “Tết” chính là “tiết” mà tiết có trong tự điển Hán Việt thì có nghĩa đốt hay khúc tre, còn mở rộng nghĩa</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/">Tết Bính Ngọ (version vietnamienne)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-58031" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tet_cheval.jpg 878w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; color: #ff9900;">Tết Nguyên Đán</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;"> (17 Février 2026)</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nouvel-an-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/new-year-binh-ngo/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nguyên nghĩa của chữ “Tết” chính là “<span style="color: #ff6600;">tiết</span>” mà tiết có trong tự điển Hán Việt thì có nghĩa đốt hay khúc tre, còn mở rộng nghĩa là một phiến đoạn thời gian trong năm. Như vậy là một khoảng thời gian nhất định trong năm. Ở Việtnam có nhiều Tết lắm như Tết Trung Thu, Tết Thanh Minh, Tết Đoan Ngọ vân vân… mà Tết quan trọng nhất là Tết Nguyên Đán  (<span style="font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;">節元旦</span>) hay là Tết Cả trong văn hoá của người dân Việt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Đây là cũng là thời gian mà người nông dân để ruộng đồng nghỉ ngơi với sự mong muốn sẽ có được một mùa thu hoạch tốt hơn năm sau nhờ sự phục hồi của tạo hóa. Đây là lý do tại sao trong một trong những bài ca dao nổi tiếng của Việt Nam, chúng ta tìm thấy những vần thơ  sau đây:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Một năm là mười hai kỳ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Em ngồi em tính có gì chẳng ra</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Tháng giêng ăn Tết ở nhà</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Tháng hai rỗi rãi quay ra nuôi tầm</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Đó cũng là ngày lễ của tình bạn bè nhưng trên hết là ngày lễ cúng bái tổ tiên và các thần tài. Theo các nhà sử học, việc tổ chức lễ hội này có từ thời nhà Hán đô hộ (tức là thế kỷ thứ nhất của thời đại Thiên chúa giáo). Công việc chuẩn bị cho ngày lễ này rất tỉ mỉ và cần trước nhiều ngày. Bảy ngày trước Tết có lễ tiễn đưa  <span style="color: #ff6600;">Táo quân</span>  (ông Táo).  Ông trở lại trần gian vào đêm  ba mươi Tết  tháng mười hai âm lịch. Trong làng, trước mỗi ngôi nhà được dựng một  cây nêu cao đến vài thước.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trên cây nêu được thấy các lễ vật, các vàng mã và các bài vị bằng đất sét nung (hay khánh) phát tiếng động khi có gió rung. Đây là một truyền thống Phật giáo có lâu đời để ngăn chặn sự xâm nhập của tà ma vào nhà. Ở làng quê ta cũng được thấy không khí lễ hội rộn ràng với những công việc chuẩn bị đón Tết.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Theo nhà văn <span style="color: #ff9900;">Phạm Huỳnh</span>, Tết là việc làm lễ theo nghi thức  tôn nghiêm, tôn vinh gia đạo và sùng bái tổ tiên. Cũng chính vào dịp này, cả nhà từ đứa bé nhỏ  nhất đến người lớn tuổi quây quần bên nồi hấp bánh chưng.  Đây cũng là dịp cả  nhà đông đủ đoàn tụ lại dưới tầm mắt của ông bà tổ tiên qua các bài vị được phát hiện ở trên bàn thờ được lau chùi một cách  cẩn thận và trang trí rất phong phú.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Vào đêm giao thừa, người chủ gia đình thắp nhang trên bàn thờ để mời các ông bà tổ tiên về ăn Tết với các con cháu. Đây cũng là dịp để người chủ gia đình truyền lại  các truyền thống thờ cúng tổ tiên lại cho các con cháu và truyền dạy các nghi thức  cúng bái. Tất cả mọi người, từ đứa bé đến người lớn tuổi, lần lượt cúi đầu trước bàn thờ, mỗi người đều có một ý nghĩ sâu sắc đối với người đã khuất và cầu xin họ giúp đỡ để có được những  ước nguyện mong muốn. Chúng ta không chỉ tìm thấy trong những ngày Tết, trên bàn thờ, tất cả các cao lương mỹ vị, các hoa quả được lựa chọn cẩn thận, các bánh đặc biệt là bánh chưng và các tách trà hoặc nước mà còn có cả những cành đào (ở miền Bắc) hay  những cành mai (ở miền Nam) đầy hoa nở. Các cành này được chọn để các hoa nở đúng lúc giữa những ngày Tết.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Các lễ vật mà các con cháu mang đến cúng tổ tiên cũng được bày trên bàn thờ để tiện cho họ mang về thế giới bên kia mà dùng. Tết không chỉ là lễ của các người còn sống mà còn là lễ của các người qua đời. Cũng chính trong ba ngày đầu tiên của Tết, những người qua đời nầy tham gia tích cực vào cuộc sống của gia đình và các con cháu của họ. Họ được  được mời dự một ngày hai lần ở hai bữa ăn cơm chính. Cuối ngày thứ ba, họ quay trở về thế giới bên kia và tiếp tục mở rộng các lợi ích bảo vệ cho con cháu.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tết còn là thời khắc làm sống lại một truyền thống văn hóa lâu đời. Một số học giả của thời hiện đại (hoặc các ông đồ) được  thấy xuất hiện ở các nơi công cộng. Họ sẵn sàng phục vụ viết bằng mực Tàu với những nét chữ đẹp đẽ như rồng bay phượng múa trên giấy đỏ trải dài trên vỉa hè bằng sở trường của mình, những câu đối cho ai muốn có được, giữa những người khác qua đường để họ có thể  trang trí trước nhà. Những câu đối như vầy thường được thấy ở trước cổng nhà hay ở các cột của các đền chùa:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Thịt mỡ dưa hành câu đối đỏ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Cây nêu tràng pháo bánh chưng xanh.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Hay là</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Thiên tăng  tuế nguyệt nhân tăng thọ</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Xuân mãn càn khôn, phúc mãn đường.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Hay là</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Niên niên tăng phú quí</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Nhật nhật thọ vinh hoa.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tết còn là lễ  của các thiếu nhi. Các em bé xúng xính trong những bộ quần áo đẹp đẽ và cùng nhau đốt pháo vui vẽ trên các đường phố. Chúng còn nhận được từ người lớn một phong bì đỏ trong đó có chứa một tờ tiền giấy hoặc một đồng xu may mắn quanh năm cho chúng. Còn các người lớn, họ đi viếng chùa và cố đoán trước tương lai của mình qua cách xin xăm gieo quẻ. Đây cũng là cơ hội để tôn trọng những quy tắc cơ bản mà người Việt Nam nào cũng cần phải biết: cấm nói tục chửi thề, tránh mọi cuộc cãi vã, không dùng chổi quét nhà, tránh đến nhà ai đó vào ngày đầu năm vân vân…. Đây cũng là dịp để xem Múa Lân hay múa Rồng. Con linh vật này đầu được trang trí đẹp mắt và thân thể của nó được nâng lên bởi một số vũ công uốn lượn theo nhịp điệu của âm thanh của các tiếng trống.  Nó luôn luôn đi cùng với một vũ công bụng phệ, vui cười hay vẫy quạt và mặc áo choàng màu vàng nghệ (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Ông Địa</span>). Đây là cuộc khiêu chiến giữa người và động vật, giữa Thiện và Ác, luôn luôn kết thúc bằng chiến thắng của con người trên động vật.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Lễ hội đón Tết thông thường  kéo dài cả tuần, thậm chí cả tháng ở một số làng quê. Nhưng vì cuộc sống khó khăn nên thông lệ hôm nay chỉ nghỉ làm việc trong ba ngày đầu năm.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong tử vi Việt Nam, các  cung hoàng đạo có được 12 cung và được tượng trưng bởi mười hai con giáp sau đây: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tý, Sửu, Dần, Mẹo, Thìn, Tị, Ngọ, Mùi, Thân, Dậu, Tuất, Hợi</span>. Các con giáp nầy được nối tiếp nhau theo một thứ tự rất chính xác. Không giống như chiêm tinh học phương Tây, các cung hoàng đạo không được xác định bởi tháng sinh mà là năm sinh.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Mỗi người có một cung hoàng đạo được tượng trưng bởi sự kết hợp của một con giáp trong mười hai con giáp của thập nhị địa chi  tức là 12 nhánh của Đất và một hành trong ngũ hành: Thủy, Hỏa, Mộc, Kim, Thổ chẳng hạn Bính Ngọ là  năm nay. Hỏa được chọn tên trong thập thiên can kết nối thành  từng đôi từ Âm Dương và ngũ hành: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Giáp, Ất, Bính, Đinh, Mậu, Kỷ, Canh, Tân, Nhâm, Qúy</span>: [Giáp, Ất] =<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Mộc</span>, [Bính, Đinh] = <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hỏa</span>, [Mậu, Kỹ ] = <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thổ</span>, [Canh, Tân] = <span style="color: #ff6600;">Kim</span>, [Nhâm, Qúy] = <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thủy</span>. Như vậy Bính thuộc về hành <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hỏa</span>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Đây là lý do tại sao năm nay là năm Tết Bính Ngọ. Nó chỉ được  có lại sau sáu mươi năm (tức là <span style="color: #ff6600;">1906</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">1966</span>,<span style="color: #ff9900;"> 2026</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">2086</span> vân vân …). Trong biên niên sử của chúng ta, có hai cái Tết mà người dân Việt vẫn nhớ lâu: đó là cái Tết mà vua <span style="color: #ff9900;">Quang Trung</span> tái chiếm thủ đô Hà Nội vào năm<span style="color: #ff6600;"> 1788</span> chống lại quân Thanh và <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết Mậu Thân</span> năm <span style="color: #ff6600;">1968</span> ở miền Nam Việt Nam.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Đối với mỗi người dân Việt, Tết  là một khoảng thời gian vô cùng hạnh phúc nhất là Tết còn được trở lại mỗi năm và cho phép  mỗi người  dân Việt được sống vài ngày trong sự mừng rỡ hân hoan  và thỏa mãn bất chấp những nổi thăng trầm trong cuộc sống. Dù nghèo, cũng mong muốn có được một cuộc sống tươi sáng để đón một cái Tết như nhà thơ nổi tiếng <span style="color: #ff9900;">Trần Tế Xương</span> trong bài thơ có tựa đề: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Tết đến</span> (*)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Anh em đừng nghĩ Tết tôi nghèo, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Tiền bạc trong kho chưa lãnh tiêu, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Rượu cúc nhắm đến hàng biếng quảy, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Trà sen muốn hỏi giá còn kiêu, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Bánh đường sắp gói e nồm chảy,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Giò lụa toan làm sợ nắng thiu,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Thôi thế thì thôi đành Tết khác, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Anh em đừng nghĩ Tết tôi nghèo</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Những tập tục thường thấy trước hay lúc Tết về:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nam-ngo-noi-chuyen-ngua/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Năm ngọ nói chuyện ngựa.</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/gateau-de-riz-banh-chung-banh-day/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Bánh chưng bánh giầy</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/le-mythe-de-tao-quan-chuyen-ong-tao/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Truyền thuyết ông Táo</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-du-bucheron/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Sử tích cây nêu</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/danse-du-lion-ou-de-la-licorne-mua-lan-su/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Múa Lân sư</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/ong-do-le-calligraphe/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Nghề Ông Đồ</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/culte_des_ancetres/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Thờ cúng tổ tiên</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/doanh-thiep-version-vietnamienne/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><u>Doanh thiếp</u></span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/nu-tam-xuan/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nụ Tầm Xuân</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-que-nha-saigon/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Tết Quê Nhà (Saigon 2026)</span></a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;"><a id="photos"></a>Galerie des photos</span></p>
<style id="bwg-style-5">    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 484px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 120px;            width: 120px !important;          }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {      padding: 0px;            background-color:rgba(255,255,255, 0.30);      border: 0px none #CCCCCC;      opacity: 1.00;      border-radius: 0;      box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px #888888;    }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 img {      max-height: none;      max-width: none;      padding: 0 !important;    }        @media only screen and (min-width: 480px) {      #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {        transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;      }      #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0:hover {        -ms-transform: scale(1.1);        -webkit-transform: scale(1.1);        transform: scale(1.1);      }    }          #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 {      padding-top: 66.666666666667%;    }        #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title1 {      position: absolute;      top: 0;      z-index: 100;      width: 100%;      height: 100%;      display: flex;      justify-content: center;      align-content: center;      flex-direction: column;      opacity: 0;    }	      #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title2,    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-ecommerce2 {      color: #FFFFFF;      font-family: segoe ui;      font-size: 16px;      font-weight: bold;      padding: 2px;      text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px #888888;      max-height: 100%;    }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-thumb-description span {    color: #323A45;    font-family: Ubuntu;    font-size: 12px;    max-height: 100%;    word-wrap: break-word;    }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-play-icon2 {      font-size: 32px;    }    #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg-container-5.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-ecommerce2 {      font-size: 19.2px;      color: #CCCCCC;    }    </style>    <div id="bwg_container1_5"         class="bwg_container bwg_thumbnail bwg_thumbnails "         data-right-click-protection="0"         data-bwg="5"         data-scroll="0"         data-gallery-type="thumbnails"         data-gallery-view-type="thumbnails"         data-current-url="/category/histoire/viet-nam/feed/"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&#038;current_view=5&#038;gallery_id=207&#038;tag=0&#038;theme_id=1&#038;shortcode_id=563&#038;sort_by=filename&#038;order_by=asc&#038;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         data-gallery-id="207"         data-popup-width="800"         data-popup-height="500"         data-is-album="gallery"         data-buttons-position="bottom">      <div id="bwg_container2_5">             <div id="ajax_loading_5" class="bwg_loading_div_1">      <div class="bwg_loading_div_2">        <div class="bwg_loading_div_3">          <div id="loading_div_5" class="bwg_spider_ajax_loading">          </div>        </div>      </div>    </div>            <form id="gal_front_form_5"              class="bwg-hidden"              method="post"              action="#"              data-current="5"              data-shortcode-id="563"              data-gallery-type="thumbnails"              data-gallery-id="207"              data-tag="0"              data-album-id="0"              data-theme-id="1"              data-ajax-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=bwg_frontend_data">          <div id="bwg_container3_5" class="bwg-background bwg-background-5">            <style>        #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg_gal_title_5 {          display: block;          padding: 2px;          background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);          line-height: 20px;          font-family: Ubuntu;          font-size: 18px;          font-weight: bold;          color: #323A45;          text-shadow: ;          text-align: center;        }        #bwg_container1_5 #bwg_container2_5 .bwg_gal_description_5 {          margin: 20px 0;          word-break: break-word;          text-align: justify;          font-size: 15px;          font-weight: unset;        }        </style>        <div class="bwg_gal_title_5">Tet_nouvel_an</div>            <div data-max-count="4"         data-thumbnail-width="120"         data-bwg="5"         data-gallery-id="207"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&amp;current_view=5&amp;gallery_id=207&amp;tag=0&amp;theme_id=1&amp;shortcode_id=563&amp;sort_by=filename&amp;order_by=asc&amp;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fhistoire%2Fviet-nam%2Ffeed%2F"         id="bwg_thumbnails_5"         class="bwg-container-5 bwg-thumbnails bwg-standard-thumbnails bwg-container bwg-border-box">            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4495" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4495"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_1.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 1"                   title="tet 1" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 1</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4497" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4497"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_11.jpg?bwg=1612002310"                   alt="tet 11"                   title="tet 11" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 11</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4500" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4500"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_12.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 12"                   title="tet 12" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 12</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4499" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4499"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="266"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_13.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 13"                   title="tet 13" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 13</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4498" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4498"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_14.jpg?bwg=1612086107"                   alt="tet 14"                   title="tet 14" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 14</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4501" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4501"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_15.jpg?bwg=1612086588"                   alt="tet 15"                   title="tet 15" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 15</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4502" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4502"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_16.jpg?bwg=1612199333"                   alt="tet 16"                   title="tet 16" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 16</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4494" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4494"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_2.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 2"                   title="tet 2" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 2</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4493" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4493"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_3.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 3"                   title="tet 3" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 3</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4492" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4492"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="267"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_4.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 4"                   title="tet 4" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 4</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="4491" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_5 "                   data-id="4491"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/tet_5.jpg?bwg=1612001956"                   alt="tet 5"                   title="tet 5" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">tet 5</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            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<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/tet-binh-ngo/">Tết Bính Ngọ (version vietnamienne)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Liangzhu  civilization</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/liangzhu-civilization/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 2025 16:40:42 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liangzhu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; &#160;Liangzhu civilization Version vietnamienne Version française Chinese culture has developed over many centuries like a mosaic with many cultures. This is one of the prominent characteristics of Chinese culture: the ability to receive and absorb foreign cultures without any</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/liangzhu-civilization/">Liangzhu  civilization</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-41769 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/culture_liangzhu-600x396.jpg" alt="" width="461" height="304" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/culture_liangzhu-600x396.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/culture_liangzhu-768x506.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/culture_liangzhu.jpg 869w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px" /></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; color: #ff6600;">&nbsp;Liangzhu civilization</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/van-hoa-luong-chu-culture-de-lianzhou/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/van-hoa-luong-chu-culture-de-lianzhou/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Chinese culture has developed over many centuries like a mosaic with many cultures. This is one of the prominent characteristics of Chinese culture: the ability to receive and absorb foreign cultures without any signs of transformation or cultural degradation. This is what the famous 20th-century Chinese philosopher <span style="color: #ff9900;">Liang Shuming</span> wrote in the introduction to the work « <span style="color: #ff6600;">The Main Thoughts of Chinese Culture</span> » (translated by Michel Masson Publishing House). More recently, the Chinese sociologist <span style="color: #ff9900;">Zhi Cheng</span> acknowledged this in the book  » <span style="color: #ff6600;">Lianzhu civilization. A civilization that lasted for 20.000 years</span> » published by Scientific Research Publishing Inc. in December 2024.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> He also believes that the development of culture in Central Plains, especially the Yangshao culture, was due to the great migration of the Liangzhu people after the catastrophic flood, which led to the emergence of oracle bone script on turtle plastrons later during the Yin-Shang period. The Liangzhu people had already known this type of pictographic script 2,000 years earlier,&nbsp; with the use of animal bones in divination and rituals.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The Liangzhu culture, to be precise, is the representative culture of the ancient city of Liangzhu, flourishing from 5300 to 4300 BC. This culture is evidenced by abundant archaeological materials. It also represents the peak cultural development period of the ancient city of Liangzhu during the Stone Age. This culture was discovered in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a city wall measuring 1,500-1,700 meters in length from east to west. This culture was much more advanced than the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Yangshao</span> and <span style="color: #ff6600;">Dawenkou</span> cultures.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is known that the residents of Liangzhu had a stable sedentary lifestyle along with an irrigation system using water stored through canals and a social organization that required many people for production and distribution. According to archaeological documents and legends about <span style="color: #ff9900;">Shennong</span> (who lived around 3320-3080 BCE), there is a complete coincidence with this culture because, according to the historical records of Sima Qian, King Shennong was the first king in the south, while in the north, nomadic tribes were ruled by Emperor <span style="color: #ff9900;">Huangdi</span> (the Yellow Emperor). Sima Qian also mentioned King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Dayu</span> (the first king of the Xia dynasty) who contributed to flood control to stabilize life and develop farming, and was succeeded by King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Shun</span> who established the Xia dynasty (2255 BCE – 2207 BCE) at the time when the Liangzhu culture disappeared.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Thanks to the support of modern science and technology, the spread of the Liangzhu civilization has also been confirmed by geoarchaeology. The collapse of the Liangzhu culture and other Neolithic cultures in the lower Yangtze River region was due to climate change and continuous flooding, forcing the inhabitants to flee. Many plateau areas in the interior of mainland China remained, which were very suitable for internal migration of the people when sea levels rose. Therefore, the number of survivors after this disaster was still quite large. Considering the terrain after the sea flooded, a portion of the Liangzhu population moved northward to the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Erlitou</span> area. At this time, the Erlitou culture had already reached a certain scale.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This has formed the current mainstream cultural context in China. Another part of the Liangzhu culture may have been introduced into Jiangxi, Hunan, southern Hubei, the Sichuan plain, and other places due to the sea flooding. The main reason for this is that the ancient Liangzhu people migrated to higher land by land, the closest being Jiangxi. The shipbuilding technology of the ancient Liangzhu people was highly developed, so a large number of ancient Liangzhu people could also enter Hunan, southern Hubei (Shijiahé culture), and even the Sichuan plain by traveling by boat along the reverse sea waters.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Among these regions, the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Sanxingdui</span> culture in the Chengdu Plain is an important site for the revival of the Liangzhu culture. Jiangxi and other relatively high areas have inherited the Liangzhu agricultural culture. Finally, it was the culture of the Central Plains, represented by Erlitou, that developed writing on turtle shells. Of course, although the powerful Central Plain culture developed and spread rapidly, the transmission of the older part of the Liangzhu culture was never interrupted.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This includes the Central Plains culture, with its core component being the older Liangzhu culture. In the southern region, the more primitive elements of the Liangzhu culture are still preserved. The existence of the Liangzhu culture in the Bai Yue countries belonging to southern China during the pre-Qin period is clearly seen through the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Shijiahé</span> culture, the Sanxingdui culture, the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Phùng Nguyên</span> culture, or the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Đồng Sơn</span> culture, and on the Pacific islands in the form of the Austronesian culture, and it may even have spread to the Americas, promoting the development of the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Maya</span> civilization there. Of course, the cultures in different regions of mainland China are closely related to the dominant culture of the Central Plains, thus creating a diverse and unified cultural system of China.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Why did the Lianzhu culture have a brilliant and widespread influence in prehistoric Asia? It is a culture closely associated with agriculture and waterways, linked to the great<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bai Yue</span> tribe. This is no longer denied by anyone, with the following six characteristics considered as distinctive features of the Lianzhu culture or the great&nbsp; Bai Yue tribe, whose core is the Vietnamese people today.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The Liangzhu people knew how to use clay and made clay pots for cooking to bring quality through delicious dishes and help them have a better life. This custom quickly spread to neighboring regions (Hunan (Hồ Nam), Zhejiang (Chiết Giang), Japan and so on), while the nomads in the north still ate raw or grilled meat. Of course, this characteristic was not essential in the process of human survival according to sociologist <span style="color: #ff9900;">Zhi Cheng</span> (Chí Thành) , but it helped the Liangzhu people know how to boil water and cook rice. In the Neolithic period, the Liangzhu people did not yet know materials and the use of metal tools, so all main constructions such as houses were made of wood, clay, and stone. Therefore, after thousands of years, these materials were eroded by the humid weather, especially the houses, so just a great flood later left no traces except in the core area of the ancient Liangzhu city. It can be said that the Liangzhu culture is a clay pottery culture.</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This is the first characteristic of the Liangzhu culture.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> They also knew how to cultivate rice and related crops. The oldest rice variety in the world was domesticated at the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Shangshan</span> cultural site belonging to the Liangzhu civilization area. Rice had also become an important food source for the Liangzhu people, although brown rice is relatively hard and difficult to chew. They boiled all kinds of plant fibers. However, by boiling with water at 100°C, brown rice could be cooked and turned into rice or porridge. They also knew how to process rice and brew sake very skillfully. Archaeologists have found residues remaining from the brewing process in many pottery samples excavated from the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Shangshan</span> (Thượng Sơn) culture. A few people engaged in rice farming, while there were very large groups working in other industries outside of agriculture, such as fishing and mining.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The third important feature is the well-established hydraulic transportation system in the city. One of the most prominent features of the ancient Liangzhu city is its canal system. These canals include both natural rivers and a large number of artificial canals. To meet the demand for efficient long-distance transportation of people and materials during the Stone Age, the Liangzhu people often built houses along a large river or an artificial canal. They could freely move on the river or canal using boats or dugout canoes that they invented from massive wooden blocks. The construction of these boats was very precise despite the lack of written records at that time. (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Hemudu Culture</span>). In this culture, there is also the application of textile technology on a large scale.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The fourth important feature is the jade culture. This is also a distinguishing point of the Liangzhu culture compared to some other cultures. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">At first, stone axes were used as a medium of exchange (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Majiabang culture</span>) but later the Liangzhu people used jade as currency. At that time, precious metals such as gold were not yet available. Therefore, after accumulating wealth, the Liangzhu people needed to use expensive jade which was relatively harder than stone.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Of course, these precious stone tools were not easily damaged and could be preserved for a long time, naturally becoming an intermediary in the exchange of goods. The monetary function of these jewelry items was quickly reinforced, and they became a symbol of wealth accumulation in ancient Liangzhu society.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Each household would own these jade objects. Therefore, there is a differentiation between rich and poor in the burials depending on the number of jade pieces they have, but the tombs do not have inscriptions, so the names of the tomb owners are unknown, and the construction is not complex. From this, the emergence of power institutions through wealth appears, leading to the separation of cemeteries for the rich and the poor (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Songze culture</span>). For jade to circulate in large quantities and widely, jade crafting workshops were also necessary. It was like a modern money-printing factory. When jade ore was transported from farther away, it could be crafted and produced further within the Liangzhu culture and society.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The fifth important characteristic is the use of abstract graphic symbols to convey meaning. This is also a prominent feature of the Liangzhu culture. This culture did not require the use of writing. The absence of writing does not mean that the essence of the Liangzhu culture could not be transmitted. The large number of jade burial objects in Liangzhu tombs shows that the ancient city of Liangzhu had a very open environment, so commerce was very developed and capitalism grew rapidly. This indicates that it was also a very effective tool for conveying messages, a characteristic of the Liangzhu culture through the jade burial objects found during excavations. They are even more complex than modern artworks and are very abstract. </span><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Besides its function as a symbol of power, the <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bronze-drums-part-1va/">bronze drum&nbsp; Đồng Sơn</a> of the Vietnamese people also possesses a characteristic whose exact meaning no one has yet been able to explain, particularly &nbsp;with regard to its surface</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Another artistic achievement of the ancient Liangzhu people is the carvings and various symbols. These images and symbols reflect the ancient people&rsquo;s understanding of the world during the Liangzhu period. These carvings also seem to hold very high artistic value in modern times. Such an exquisite carving is similar to the anti-counterfeiting technology on our current banknotes. Therefore, it can be proven that during the Liangzhu period, jade craftsmen invented technology to protect intellectual property rights.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The final characteristic is that the ancient people of the Liangzhu culture liked to eat spicy food and brought these customs to the Americas, later preserving them in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and other places. According to the ancient Liangzhu people, « eating spicy » food was meant to eliminate excess fat accumulation in the human body. As a result, lifespan was increased. The elderly in Liangzhu had enough time to pass on their rich cultural knowledge to the next generation. This is also an important reason why the Liangzhu culture could continue for tens of thousands of years without interruption.</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-57191 aligncenter" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/liangzhu_3-600x400.jpg" alt="" width="414" height="276" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/liangzhu_3-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/liangzhu_3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/liangzhu_3.jpg 878w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px" /></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;">Bibliography</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Liang Shuming: Les idées maîtresses de la culture chinoise. Editeur: Michel Masson. 201Z</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Zhi Cheng:&nbsp; Liangzhu civilization. A civilization that lasted for 20.000 years. Ed: Scientific Research Publishing&nbsp; 2024.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Shin’ichi Nakamura: Le riz, le jade et la ville. Évolution des sociétés néolithiques du Yangzi. Éditions de l’EHESS « Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 2005/5 60e année | pages 1009 à 1034.</span></p>
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