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		<title>Angkorian empire (Chenla)</title>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Đế Chế Angkor&#160; Version française Version vietnamienne Galerie des photos At a time when the kingdom of Funan was weakening, a vassal principality of this kingdom, which Chinese historians often referred to as Chenla (Chân Lạp) in their annals, attempted</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/khmer-empire-empire-khmer/">Angkorian empire (Chenla)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #b5a674; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 36px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/tchen_la/" rel="attachment wp-att-38865"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-38865" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tchen_La.jpg" alt="" width="666" height="445" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tchen_La.jpg 875w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tchen_La-600x401.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Tchen_La-768x513.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px" /></a>Đế Chế Angkor</span>&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a><br />
<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">At a time when the kingdom of Funan was weakening, a vassal principality of this kingdom, which Chinese historians often referred to as Chenla (Chân Lạp) in their annals, attempted to forge its destiny in the middle Mekong basin near the archaeological site of Vat Phu in the Champassak province (present-day Laos). This is the only name we have to this day. No Sanskrit or Khmer word corresponds to the ancient sound Tsien lap. The existence of this kingdom dates back to the end of the 6th century. Similar to the kings of Funan, those of Chenla also have a dynastic legend: a solar-origin Brahmin priest named <span style="color: #ff9900;">Kambu Svayambhuva</span> received from the god <span style="color: #ff9900;">Shiva</span> himself a nymph of lunar origin in marriage, the beautiful Mera.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">From this union of <span style="font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;">K</span>(ambu) and <span style="font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;">Me</span>râ, a line of sovereigns was born, that is, the descendants of <span style="color: #ff6600;">Kambujadesha</span>, meaning « land of the descendants of Kambu, » intended to explain the name of the Khmers. This word Kambujadesha, abbreviated as Kambuja, was first discovered in 817 in an inscription of <span style="color: #ff6600;">Po Nagar</span> in Champa (or present-day Nha Trang, Vietnam).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">During the French colonial period, this name Kambuja was Francized as « Cambodge. » As for the word Chenla, it appeared in the history of the Sui (589-619), where the sending of an embassy from this country was mentioned in 616-617. Located southwest of<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Lin Yi</span> (future Champa) and a vassal state of Funan, the kingdom of <span style="color: #ff6600;">Chenla</span> (Chân Lạp) (future Cambodia), having become powerful, did not hesitate to seize the latter and subjugate it. This fact was reported not only in the New History of the Tang (618-907) by the Chinese historian <span style="color: #ff9900;">Ouyang Xiu</span> but also in an unpublished inscription from Sambor-Prei Kuk, which praised the king of Chenla, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Içanavarman I</span>, son of King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Mahendravarman</span>, for having expanded his parents&rsquo; territory with his grand exploits. This monarch established his capital at Sambor-Prei Kuk, renamed <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ishanapura</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The fragmentation of Chenla into small states was witnessed again. It was only in 654 that Jayavarman I, a great-grandson of Içanavarman I, succeeded in reunifying his ancestor&rsquo;s country and established his capital near Angkor. Upon his death, Chenla again broke up into numerous principalities, and soon the principality of Shambupura (today Sambor on the Mekong) managed to impose its authority. Its king,<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Jayavarman II</span>, settled in Rolûos and proclaimed himself king of the entire Kambuja in 802. Then the settlement and religious sites of the Óc Eo plain began to be abandoned as the center of gravity of the new political formation from the North moved away from the coast to gradually approach the site of the future capital of the Khmer empire, Angkor.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to researcher <span style="color: #ff9900;">J. Népote</span>, the Khmers coming from the North through Laos appear like Germanic tribes in relation to the Roman Empire, attempting to establish a unified kingdom inland known as Chenla. They saw no interest in maintaining the technique of floating rice cultivation because they lived far from the coast. They tried to combine their own mastery of water retention with the contributions of Indian hydraulic science (the <span style="color: #ff6600;">baray</span>) to develop, through multiple trials, an irrigation system better adapted to the ecology of the hinterland and to the local varieties of irrigated rice.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is reported that in Chinese annals, Chenla was divided into a « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Land Chenla</span> » and a « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Water Chenla</span> » at the beginning of the 8th century. The former was established in the old territories of Chenla, expanded according to its military successes, from the Dangrek range to the middle Mekong valley and westward to Burinam, now part of the Thai province of Korat, while the latter corresponded to a multitude of fiefs of former Funan and was subject to the royal authority of the island of <span style="color: #ff6600;">Java</span> (Indonesia). Then, through a stele of Sdok Kak Thom dating from 1052 and found 25 km from Sisophon, we learn that Jayavarman II was crowned king in 802 after freeing his country from the tutelage of Java, and his country regained its unity under the name Chenla.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The latter soon gave way to the birth of the Angkorian empire at the beginning of the 9th century. It first experienced its peak and glory with King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Suryavarman II</span>, whom historians have often compared to the Sun King<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Louis XIV</span> of France. Of a warlike temperament, he did not hesitate to first ally with the Chams to attack the kingdom of Đại Việt under the reign of King <span style="color: #ff9900;">Lý Thần Tôn</span> in 1128, but he was repelled in the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Nghệ An</span> region. He then tried to maintain his grip on Champa by placing his brother-in-law Harideva as ruler over the capital Vijaya (present-day Bình Định in Vietnam).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">But this attempt ended in a crushing failure against one of the greatest Cham kings, Jaya Harivarman I, who recaptured Vijaya in 1149. Yet Chinese chroniclers spoke of him with great deference. Beyond the frenzy of his territorial conquests, Suryavarman II had a large number of splendid monuments built, among which was the famous site of Angkor Wat. According to the Italian researcher <span style="color: #ff9900;">Maria Albanese</span> from the I.I.A.O institute, it seems possible that Suryavarman II died following a disastrous military expedition into Vietnamese territory in 1150.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Then the empire of the Khmer kings expanded under Jayavarman VII, one of the fascinating personalities in universal history. During his reign, he managed to push back the limits of his empire by annexing Champa, Lower Burma, Thailand, and Laos<span style="color: #ff9900;">. Georges Coedès</span>, former director of the French School of the Far East (EFEO), painted for us a striking portrait of this great king, that of a pharaoh who can boast of having moved so much stone (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Angkor Thom</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ta-Prohm</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bantay-Kdei</span>, etc.).</span><br />
<span style="text-decoration: underline; font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;">Map of the empire</span></span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/carte_empire_khmer.jpg"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-3044 alignleft" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/carte_empire_khmer.jpg" alt="carte_empire_khmer" width="218" height="297"></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">But after his death, due to the gigantic enterprises and incessant wars against his neighbors (Chams, Vietnamese, and Thais), the Angkorian empire began to experience a rapid decline caused by the multiple capture and sacking of its capital Angkor by the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Thais</span> (1353, 1393, and 1431). They were unified by <span style="color: #ff9900;">Ramadhipathi</span> to found the<span style="color: #ff6600;"> kingdom of Ayutthaya</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Faced with the assaults of the Thais, the Khmers had to abandon their capital Angkor and retreat to the geographic heart of their country, the Four Arms of the Mekong (Phnom Penh), with the last king of the Khmer empire and the first king of Cambodia,<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Ponhea Yat</span>. This strategic and economic retreat is only one of the hypotheses suggested by researchers to hasten the decline of Angkor. But according to recent discoveries reported by National Geographic in its issue 118 of July 2009, the collapse of Angkor is largely due to climatic disasters that managed to destroy the most complex and ingenious hydraulic system, a jewel of Khmer civilization. The imperial city of Angkor had to face severe successive droughts from 1362 to 1392 and from 1415 to 1440, thanks to the analysis of growth rings found in certain long-lived cypresses such as teak or Siam wood.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">When the hydraulic system began to malfunction, showing signs of weakness, the power of the Angkorian empire did the same. This is why, being the first to realize the importance of this system, the archaeologist <span style="color: #ff9900;">Bernard Philippe Groslier</span> of the French School of the Far East (EFEO) did not hesitate to describe Angkor as a « <span style="color: #ff6600;">hydraulic city</span> » when publishing his work in 1979. Designed to support religious rituals and ensure a constant water supply for rice cultivation, the gigantic barays (or water reservoirs) were drained in the event of successive major droughts. This could have dealt a fatal blow to this already faltering empire, weakened by internal divisions and successive Thai invasions, as Angkor was home to no less than 750,000 inhabitants over an area of about 1000 km². This brings to mind the period experienced by the Maya cities of Mexico and Central America, which succumbed to overpopulation and environmental degradation linked to three successive droughts in the 9th century. This disaster also brutally reminds us of the limits of human ingenuity, which can be easily overcome at any time by the forces of nature. Man cannot conquer nature under any circumstances but must become one with nature to live in harmony with it.<a id="photos"></a></span></p>
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<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bansteay_srei/">Banteay Srei </a>(a jewel of Khmer art)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/ta-prohm-temple-monastere/">Ta Prohm </a>(Temple-monastery)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon-temple-angkor-thom/">Bayon temple</a> (Angkor Thom)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-temple-mountain/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Angkor Vat (</span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Temple Mountain)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-naissance-dun-mythe-delaporte/">Angkor: naissance d&rsquo;un mythe avec Louis Delaporte</a></span>&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">(Musée Guimet,Paris)</span></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Bibliographie.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Thierry Zéphir: L&#8217;empire des rois khmers;&nbsp; Découvertes Gallimard. 1997</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Claude Jacques, Michael Freeman : Angkor, cité khmère. Book Guides</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Bernard Philippe Groslier: Indochine. Editions Albin Michel 1961</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">National Geographic: Angkor . Pourquoi la grande cité médiévale du monde s&rsquo;est effondrée? N° 118.&nbsp; Juillet 2009</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Maria Albanese: Angkor. gloire et splendeur de l&#8217;empire khmer. Editions White Star&nbsp;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Georges Coedès: Cổ sử các quốc gia Ấn Độ Hóa ở Viễn Đông.&nbsp; Editions Thế Giới. 2011</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Chu Đạt Quan: Chân Lạp phong thổ ký. Editions Thế Giới . 2011</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/khmer-empire-empire-khmer/">Angkorian empire (Chenla)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Les pagodes khmères  du delta du Mékong</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/les-pagodes-khmeres-du-delta-du-mekong/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:33:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Religion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sites touristiques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Văn Hóa]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Version française Version anglaise Galerie des photos Dựa trên truyền thuyết về vương triều Chân Lạp: một thầy tu ẩn sĩ Bà-la-môn có nguồn gốc từ mặt trời tên là Kambu Svayambhuva đã được thần Shiva ban phép kết hôn với một</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/les-pagodes-khmeres-du-delta-du-mekong/">Les pagodes khmères  du delta du Mékong</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/les-pagodes-khmeres-du-delta-du-mekong/pgk_4355/" rel="attachment wp-att-46390"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-46390" src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PGK_4355.jpg" alt="" width="650" height="433" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PGK_4355.jpg 878w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PGK_4355-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/PGK_4355-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px" /></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="#version_fra">Version française</a></span><br />
<a href="#version_eng"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version anglaise</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dựa trên truyền thuyết về vương triều Chân Lạp: một thầy tu ẩn sĩ Bà-la-môn có nguồn gốc từ mặt trời tên là Kambu Svayambhuva đã được thần Shiva ban phép kết hôn với một tiên nữ có nguồn gốc từ mặt trăng, một nàng Mera xinh đẹp, nhà nghiên cứu văn khắc bản nỗi tiếng Georges Cœdes đưa ra giả thuyết rằng chữ Khmer đến từ  K(ambu) và Merâ vi vậy  sinh ra một dòng dõi những nhà  vua hoặc là các con cháu của Kambujadesha có nghĩa là « đất nước của con cháu Kambu » để giải thích tên của người Khơ Me. Cũng nhờ sự khám phá  chữ Kambujadesha trong một văn bản ở thánh đường Po Nagar (Nha Trang) vào năm 817 mà dưới thời Pháp thuộc chữ Kambuja được phát âm từ đó ra  thành Cambodia (Cao Miên). Bởi vây khi mình đến tham quan các chùa ở Trà Vinh, mình gặp các em trẻ, mình hỏi các em có phải người Miên không ? Chúng trả lời một cách không lưỡng lự : chúng em là người Khơ Me Krom là những ngươì Khơ Me sống ở dưới (Khmers En Bas) khác với người Khơ Me Campuchia tức là những Khơ Me sống ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long tức là vùng Tây Nam Bộ  đôi khi họ chiếm lên tỷ lệ dân số hơn 30% như các tỉnh Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh. Chữ Miên không được dùng vì  có hàm ý miệt thị cũng như  chữ Mít (Annamite) đối người dân Việt. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Các chùa ở Trà Vinh đều là những chùa Phật giáo Nam Tông (thường gọi là phái Tiểu Thừa). Chủ yếu các chùa nầy truyền bá kinh văn Pali  tức là những văn bản ghi lại nguyên vẹn những lời giảng của Đức Phật trong suốt cuộc đời truyền bá giáo pháp của mình.  Có nhiều bộ phái khác nhau từ lúc đầu nhưng chỉ còn duy nhất hệ phái Thượng tọa bộ (Theravāda) là đại biểu cho hệ Phật giáo Nam truyền. Người Khơ Me họ có tập tục lúc còn trẻ (12 hoặc 13  tuổi) là đi vào chùa tu đề học giáo lý, học chữ Pali và trả hiếu cho cha mẹ nhưng cũng để thành người.  Thời gian tu tập kéo dài ít nhất là  3 tháng nhưng có thể kéo dài hơn  tùy theo nhân duyên và ý nguyện của  mỗi  người. Phải cạo đầu, phải thay quần bằng chiếc xa rông và thay áo bằng chiếc áo trắng (Pênexo)  khoác lên vai từ trái sang phải để từ bỏ trần tục. Để tránh sự tốn kém chi phí nhiều, tất cả những việc nầy đều đựợc tập hợp chung với nhiều người cùng một ngày được gọi là lễ thế phát với sự tham gia của tất cả gia đình.  Dù có xuất tu đi nữa,  những đứa trẻ nầy  được cộng đồng thừa nhận là người trưởng thành, có kiến thức để xây dựng một cuộc sống  hướng thiện và hửu ích cho xã hội. Đến tham quan các chùa ở Trà Vinh mới nhận thấy kiến trúc của các chùa ở nơi nầy nhất là chùa Âng, một chùa cổ xưa có cả nghìn năm lịch sử nó không khác chi kiến trúc mình có dịp thấy trước đây ở Bangkok (Thái Lan) với các tượng thần gác cửa  vân vân…</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> Theo sự nhận xét của nhà khảo cổ Pháp<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Bernard Groslier</span> thì người dân Thái phải đợi ít nhất hai thế  kỷ vể sau để mới  tiếp  thu được bài vở của chủ nhân họ là người  Khơ Me  trước khi mới có thể  thay  thế và vượt qua mặt chủ của họ. Người Thái lập quốc từ thế kỷ 14 sau khi đế chế Angkor bị suy tàn. Như vậy kiến trúc chùa chiền thành vua của người Thái mà mình thấy hoành tráng xinh đẹp đấy là bản sao của  kiến trúc cũa người Khơ Me và người  Dvaravati nhưng họ có đầu óc thẩm mỹ nên nhờ đó mà hoàn hảo hơn. Tổng thể một ngôi chùa Khơ Me gồm: cổng chùa, tường rào, ngôi chính điện, tháp đựng cốt, tăng xá, nhà hội và  an xá. Trong ngôi chính điện  Đức Phật Thích Ca được bài trí với kích thước lớn tọa lạc trên tòa sen.  Các bức tranh Phật  được trang trí trong chùa Khơ Me chủ yếu kể lại cuộc đời của Đức Phật Thích Ca từ lúc mới sinh cho đến khi tu thành đạo hạnh. Trên trần của chính điện cũng hay thường vẽ những bức họa  nhắc  lại các cảnh giao đấu giữa các Tiên nữ và Chằn (nhân vật biểu trưng cho cái ác), cảnh tiên làm lễ, cảnh dâng hoa vân vân…</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> Còn ở ngoài chính điện thường thấy các vị thần mang chân dung người, mình mặc giáp trụ, tay cầm pháp khí để canh giữ nơi cửa chùa hay xung quanh chánh điện. Đấy là  các tượng Yeak hay chằn,  giúp ta có  được tâm sáng hướng về Đức Phật. Có thể nói cũng như ở chùa Việt trước cỗng thường thấy ông Ác ông Thiện vậy. Các tượng chằn hay có mặt dữ dằn hung ác nhưng không phải kẻ làm ác mà chế ngự được cái ác, nó lúc nào cũng có thể nỗi dậy ở trong  lòng con người nên cần có sự hiện diện của con chim K’rut  bắt nguồn từ con vật linh thiêng  Garuda trong thần thoại  Ấn Độ với  đạo Bà La Môn. Nó ở trên cao để theo dõi và thống chế Yeak đấy. Còn  con lân tượng trưng cho sức mạnh trí tuệ hay thường thấy kề bên các tượng chằn. Nhờ có trí tuệ mà nó mới  đem lại  sự sáng suốt  trong việc nhận định để   tìm ra  chân lý nên mới diệt trừ được  ác nghiệp  và giúp con người  mới được giải thoát.  Nói tóm lại các chùa Phật Giáo Nam Tông Khơ Me ở Nam Bộ  có một kiến trúc  độc  đáo chịu nhiều ảnh hưởng Bà La Môn giáo.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_fra"></a><span style="color: #ff9900;">Version française</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">En se basant sur une légende dynastique de Chen La: un  prêtre brahmane d’origine solaire nommé Kambu Svayambhuva  recevant  du dieu Shiva, lui-même une nymphe d’origine lunaire en mariage, la belle Mera, le célèbre épigraphe Georges Cœdes a émis l&rsquo;hypothèse que le mot khmer viendrait  probablement de K(ambu) et Merâ donnant ainsi naissance à une lignée de rois ou celle des descendants de Kambujadesha et ayant pour signification « pays de la descendance de Kambu » dans le but d’expliquer  le nom des Khmers.  C’est pour cela qu’au moment de ma rencontre avec les enfants dans la pagode, je leur demande: Êtes-vous Cambodgiens ?  Ils me répondent  sans hésitation: Nous sommes des Khmers Krom (des Khmers  vivant en bas) différents de ceux vivant en haut (des Cambodgiens),  des Khmers vivant dans le delta du Mékong. Ces derniers occupent parfois jusqu’à 30% de la population locale. C’est le cas des provinces Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh.</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Le mot « Miên » (khmer) n&rsquo;est pas utilisé car il a des connotations péjoratives, tout comme le mot « Mit » (annamite) est utilisé de </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">manière péjorative pour désigner le peuple vietnamien.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Les temples de Tra Vinh sont tous des temples bouddhistes <span style="color: #ff6600;">Theravada</span> (souvent appelés de l&rsquo;école <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hinayana</span>). Ces temples diffusent principalement des textes en pali, qui constituent l&rsquo;intégralité des enseignements du Bouddha tout au long de sa vie. Bien que de nombreuses écoles aient existé dès l&rsquo;origine, seule l&rsquo;école Theravada demeure représentative du bouddhisme du Sud. Le peuple khmer a coutume d&rsquo;entrer dans les temples dès son plus jeune âge (12 ou 13 ans) pour étudier les doctrines bouddhistes, apprendre le pali et accomplir son devoir filial envers ses parents, tout en contribuant à son épanouissement personnel.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> La période de formation monastique dure au moins trois mois, mais peut être plus longue selon les circonstances et les souhaits de chacun. Les jeunes doivent se raser la tête, revêtir un sarong et une robe blanche (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Pênexo</span>) drapée sur les épaules, renonçant ainsi à la vie mondaine. Afin de limiter les dépenses, tous ces rituels sont accomplis collectivement en une seule journée, lors de la « cérémonie du rasage », avec la participation de toute la famille. Même après avoir quitté la vie monastique, ces enfants sont reconnus par la communauté comme des adultes, capables de mener une vie vertueuse et utile à la société. En visitant les temples de Trà Vinh, on remarque leur architecture, notamment celle du temple Ang, un temple millénaire dont l&rsquo;architecture, avec ses statues de divinités gardiennes, n&rsquo;est pas sans rappeler celle de <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bangkok</span> (Thaïlande).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Selon l&rsquo;archéologue français <span style="color: #ff9900;">Bernard Groslier</span>, le peuple thaï dut attendre au moins deux siècles avant de pouvoir assimiler et surpasser les enseignements de ses maîtres khmers. Les Thaïs fondèrent leur nation au XIVème siècle, après le déclin de l&#8217;empire d&rsquo;<span style="color: #ff9900;">Angkor</span>. Ainsi, la magnifique architecture des temples khmers que nous observons aujourd&rsquo;hui est une adaptation des architectures khmère et dvaravati, qu&rsquo;ils ont perfectionnée grâce à leur sens esthétique. Un complexe de temple khmer typique comprend : une porte, une enceinte, le hall principal, un stupa contenant des reliques, les quartiers des moines, une salle de réunion et un pavillon de repos. Dans le hall principal, une grande statue du Bouddha<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Shakyamuni</span> trône sur un lotus. Les peintures bouddhistes des temples khmers illustrent principalement la vie du Bouddha Shakyamuni, de sa naissance à son illumination. Le plafond du hall principal est souvent orné de peintures représentant des scènes de combats entre fées et démons (symboles du mal), des fées accomplissant des rituels, des offrandes de fleurs, etc.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">À l&rsquo;extérieur du hall principal, on aperçoit souvent des divinités à forme humaine, vêtues d&rsquo;armures et tenant des objets sacrés, gardant l&rsquo;entrée du temple ou entourant le hall. Ce sont des statues de Yeak, ou démons, qui nous aident à cultiver un cœur pur tourné vers le Bouddha. Cela rappelle les représentations du Bien et du Mal que l&rsquo;on trouve souvent à l&rsquo;entrée des temples vietnamiens. Les statues de démons ont souvent une apparence féroce et menaçante, mais ce ne sont pas elles qui commettent le mal ; elles peuvent le maîtriser, car le mal peut toujours surgir au fond du cœur humain. C&rsquo;est pourquoi la présence de l&rsquo;oiseau <span style="color: #ff6600;">K&rsquo;rut</span>, issu du Garuda sacré de la mythologie indienne et du brahmanisme, est essentielle. Il veille sur le Yeak et le contrôle. La licorne, symbole de sagesse et de force, est souvent représentée aux côtés des statues de démons. C&rsquo;est par la sagesse qu&rsquo;elle apporte la clarté du discernement, menant à la découverte de la vérité, éradiquant ainsi le mauvais karma et aidant les êtres à atteindre la libération. En résumé, les temples bouddhistes khmers Theravada du sud du Vietnam possèdent une architecture unique, fortement influencée par le brahmanisme.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_eng"></a>Based on a dynastic legend of Chen La: a solar-origin Brahmin priest named<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Kambu Svayambhuva</span> receiving from the god<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Shiva</span>, himself a nymph of lunar origin in marriage, the beautiful <span style="color: #ff9900;">Mera</span>, the famous epigrapher <span style="color: #ff9900;">Georges Cœdes</span> hypothesized that the Khmer word probably comes from K(ambu) and Merâ thus giving birth to a lineage of kings or that of the descendants of Kambujadesha and meaning « country of the descendants of Kambu » in order to explain the name of the Khmers. That is why at the time of my meeting with the children in the pagoda, I ask them: Are you Cambodians? They answer me without hesitation: We are Khmers Krom (Khmer living below) different from those living above (Cambodians), Khmers living in the Mekong delta. The latter sometimes make up to 30% of the local population. This is the case in the provinces of Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh. The word « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Miên</span> » (Khmer) is not used because it has pejorative connotations, just as the word « <span style="color: #ff6600;">Mit</span> » (Annamite) is used pejoratively to designate the Vietnamese people.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The temples of Tra Vinh are all Theravada Buddhist temples (often called <span style="color: #ff6600;">Hinayana</span> school). These temples mainly disseminate texts in Pali, which constitute the entirety of the Buddha&rsquo;s teachings throughout his life. Although many schools existed from the beginning, only the Theravada school remains representative of Southern Buddhism. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The Khmer people customarily enter temples from a young age (12 or 13 years old) to study Buddhist doctrines, learn Pali, and fulfill their filial duty towards their parents, while contributing to their personal development.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">The monastic training period lasts at least three months but can be longer depending on circumstances and individual wishes. The youths must shave their heads, wear a sarong and a white robe (<span style="color: #ff6600;">Pênexo</span>) draped over the shoulders, thus renouncing worldly life. To limit expenses, all these rituals are performed collectively in one day, during the « shaving ceremony, » with the participation of the entire family. Even after leaving monastic life, these children are recognized by the community as adults, capable of leading a virtuous and socially useful life. When visiting the temples of Trà Vinh, one notices their architecture, notably that of the Ang temple, a millennial temple whose architecture, with its statues of guardian deities, is reminiscent of that of Bangkok (Thailand).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">According to the French archaeologist <span style="color: #ff9900;">Bernard Groslier</span>, the Thai people had to wait at least two centuries before they could assimilate and surpass the teachings of their Khmer masters. The Thais founded their nation in the 14th century, after the decline of the Angkor empire. Thus, the magnificent architecture of the Khmer temples we observe today is an adaptation of Khmer and Dvaravati architectures, which they perfected thanks to their aesthetic sense. A typical Khmer temple complex includes: a gate, an enclosure, the main hall, a stupa containing relics, the monks&rsquo; quarters, a meeting room, and a resting pavilion. In the main hall, a large statue of the Buddha Shakyamuni sits on a lotus. The Buddhist paintings of the Khmer temples mainly illustrate the life of Buddha Shakyamuni, from his birth to his enlightenment. The ceiling of the main hall is often adorned with paintings depicting scenes of battles between fairies and demons (symbols of evil), fairies performing rituals, flower offerings, etc.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Outside the main hall, one often sees human-shaped deities, dressed in armor and holding sacred objects, guarding the temple entrance or surrounding the hall. These are statues of<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Yeak</span>, or demons, who help us cultivate a pure heart turned towards the Buddha. This recalls the representations of Good and Evil often found at the entrances of Vietnamese temples. The demon statues often have a fierce and threatening appearance, but they are not the ones who commit evil; they can control it, because evil can always arise from the depths of the human heart. That is why the presence of the K&rsquo;rut bird, derived from the sacred <span style="color: #ff6600;">Garuda</span> of Indian mythology and Brahmanism, is essential. It watches over and controls the Yeak. The unicorn, a symbol of wisdom and strength, is often depicted alongside the demon statues. It is through wisdom that it brings the clarity of discernment, leading to the discovery of truth, thus eradicating bad karma and helping beings achieve liberation. In summary, the Khmer Theravada Buddhist temples of southern Vietnam have a unique architecture, strongly influenced by Brahmanism.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;"><a id="photos"></a>Galerie des photos</span></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/les-pagodes-khmeres-du-delta-du-mekong/">Les pagodes khmères  du delta du Mékong</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-temple-mountain/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Dec 2016 19:11:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; Jewel of Khmer Art French version Vietnamese version &#160; It is the largest and the most sublime temple-mountain of all Khmer temples. It was built during the reign of Sûryavarman II in the first half of the XIIth century.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-temple-mountain/">Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Jewel of Khmer Art</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5382" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat.jpg" alt="angkor_vat" width="440" height="413" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat.jpg 638w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat-600x563.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px" /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/">French version</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/">Vietnamese version</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/picture-591/" rel="attachment wp-att-5416"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-5416 alignleft" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Picture-591.jpg" alt="picture-591" width="204" height="273"></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It is the largest and the most sublime temple-mountain of all Khmer temples. It was built during the reign of <span style="color: #ff9900;">Sûryavarman II</span> in the first half of the XIIth century. It was considered as capital of the Khmer empire having in its center the temple of state dedicated to <span style="color: #ff9900;">Vishnu</span>. It is here that the towers are raised in quincunx. <span style="font-size: 20px;"><span style="color: #999999;">Two major characteristics of the Khmer architecture are found there: pyramids or temples-mountains symbolizing the Mount Meru (house of Gods) and the galleries which were built the one above the other.</span></span> Many people considers it as the eighth wonder of the world. Other temple mountains can be visited: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bakeng</span>,<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Takeo</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Baphûon</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Prè Rup</span>,<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bakong</span> and <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ak Yum</span>.</span></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-temple-mountain/">Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Bayon temple (Angkor Thom)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon-temple-angkor-thom/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Dec 2016 18:43:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; French version Vietnamese version Bayon is the central temple of the old city Angkor Thom, capital of Khmer sovereigns at the beginning of the XIIIth century. It is the last one of temples-mountains built by king Jayavarman VII, restorer</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon-temple-angkor-thom/">Bayon temple (Angkor Thom)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/bayon/" rel="attachment wp-att-5467"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5467" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/bayon.jpg" alt="bayon" width="702" height="355"></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/">French version</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/">Vietnamese version</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Bayon is the central temple of the old city <span style="color: #ff9900;">Angkor Thom</span>, capital of Khmer sovereigns at the beginning of the XIIIth century. It is the last one of temples-mountains built by king Jayavarman VII, restorer of royal power of the Khmer Angkor kingdom after the invasion of the Cham. Its decoration of a exceptional wealth is at the apogee of Mahayana Buddhist art.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">This king dedicates this monument to Buddha he spreads the doctrine of which with his face towers. There are over 37 harmonious towers around a big central tower, the sanctuary. But we think that they could be more numerous, perhaps <span style="color: #ff6600;">54</span> towers with <span style="color: #ff6600;">216 faces</span> according to French <span style="color: #ff9900;">Paul Mus</span>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: underline;">King Buddha at Guimet museum</span> &nbsp;</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-5466 alignright" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645.jpg" alt="img_5645" width="303" height="202" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645.jpg 819w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px" /><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">These towers are built by putting stony blocks piled on top of the other without any cement. The sculpture will be made after the completion of placement of these rocky blocks.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">What mechanical strength did they have, the Cambodians in the past, to raise the enormous stony blocks until higher parts of the building after having extracted them from the distant mountains, having polished and sculptured them? It is this question which haunted frequently <span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Mouhot</span> during the discovery of Angkor ruins. We find on four sides of each tower, gigantic faces in the enigmatic smile, each one of them turned respectively to one of the four cardinal points.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> The visitor has the impression to be followed by their glaucous look. For <span style="color: #ff9900;">Pierre Loti</span>, Bayon was the heaviest stony mountain the men dared to undertake since the pyramids of Memphis.</span></p>
<p>[ngg_images source= »galleries » container_ids= »123&Prime; display_type= »photocrati-nextgen_basic_thumbnails » override_thumbnail_settings= »1&Prime; thumbnail_width= »180&Prime; thumbnail_height= »100&Prime; thumbnail_crop= »1&Prime; images_per_page= »30&Prime; number_of_columns= »4&Prime; ajax_pagination= »0&Prime; show_all_in_lightbox= »0&Prime; use_imagebrowser_effect= »0&Prime; show_slideshow_link= »0&Prime; slideshow_link_text= »[Montrer sous forme de diaporama] » template= »/homepages/5/d276592279/htdocs/clickandbuilds/vietnamquehuongtoi/wp-content/plugins/nextgen-gallery/products/photocrati_nextgen/modules/ngglegacy/view/gallery-caption.php » order_by= »pid » order_direction= »ASC » returns= »included » maximum_entity_count= »500&Prime;]<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-5472 alignleft" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5621.jpg" alt="img_5621" width="226" height="340"><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">In his work entitled « Travel in the kingdoms of Siam, Cambodia, Laos and other central parts of Indochina « , the discoverer of the Angkor ruins, Henri Mouhot, left his impression: In spite of the disappearance of the gold and colors which almost totally removed from the building, there are only stones there. But these ones proclaim loudly the genius, the strength and the patience, the talent, the wealth and the power of the Cambodians in the past.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">We discovered recently during a excavation realized in 1933, in the broken remains of a big stony statue 3,60 m in height, the representation of<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Jayavarman VII</span> in king Buddha.</span><span style="font-size: 24px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><span style="color: #999999;"> The builder of the Bayon, is seated, legs tucked on the coiled body of the naga. Since then, we attributed this face with the mystic smile found on the sides of the Bayon towers to that of Jayavarman VII.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #a3a3d1;"> &nbsp;</span> </span></span></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon-temple-angkor-thom/">Bayon temple (Angkor Thom)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Banteay Srei (The jewel of Khmer art)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/banteay-srei-the-jewel-of-khmer-art/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Dec 2016 17:22:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sites touristiques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cambodge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chenla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[khmer art]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=11269</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>French version Banteay Srei: the jewel of Khmer art Located 20 km northeast of Angkor and almost at the foot of the mount Phnom Kulên, this temple was built in the Xth century in pink sandstone and in laterite under</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/banteay-srei-the-jewel-of-khmer-art/">Banteay Srei (The jewel of Khmer art)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bansteay_srei/">French version</a> <a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/banteay_srei.jpg"><br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3055" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/banteay_srei.jpg" alt="banteay_srei" width="596" height="241"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Banteay Srei: the jewel of Khmer art</span></p>
<p>Located 20 km northeast of Angkor and almost at the foot of the mount Phnom Kulên, this temple was built in the Xth century in pink sandstone and in laterite under the reign of Jayavarman V. It is the work of certain Brahman Yajnavaraha, adviser of king Rajendravarman then guru of Jayavarman V. Besides the variety of stoneware (preferred material of the Khmers) in the warm tones of pink, the quality and the beauty of this temple are found in the exceptional delicacy of sculptures and the freshness of its sophisticated decorations. Depending on the period of sunshine, this temple changes colour through the day.</p>
<p>It was discovered by the French people in 1914. It became famous in 1923 when French writer André Malraux was arrested for the dissimulation of 4 apsaras. <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #808080;">One gives to this temple a recent appelation naming  » citadel of the women  » in reference to the delicacy of the sculptured decorations which could have been made only by women or for its small size compared with the other temples.</span> The restoration was made by Henri Marchal between 1931 and 1936 in a remarkable way by using the technique of the anastylose adopted by the Dutch people.</p>
<p>[ngg_images source= »galleries » container_ids= »210&Prime; display_type= »photocrati-nextgen_basic_thumbnails » override_thumbnail_settings= »1&Prime; thumbnail_width= »160&Prime; thumbnail_height= »80&Prime; thumbnail_crop= »1&Prime; images_per_page= »30&Prime; number_of_columns= »5&Prime; ajax_pagination= »0&Prime; show_all_in_lightbox= »0&Prime; use_imagebrowser_effect= »0&Prime; show_slideshow_link= »0&Prime; slideshow_link_text= »[Montrer sous forme de diaporama] » template= »/homepages/5/d276592279/htdocs/clickandbuilds/vietnamquehuongtoi/wp-content/plugins/nextgen-gallery/products/photocrati_nextgen/modules/ngglegacy/view/gallery-caption.php » order_by= »pid » order_direction= »ASC » returns= »included » maximum_entity_count= »500&Prime;]</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/banteay-srei-the-jewel-of-khmer-art/">Banteay Srei (The jewel of Khmer art)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Louis Delaporte et le Cambodge: Angkor. Naissance d&#8217;un mythe.</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-naissance-dun-mythe-delaporte/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2016 15:45:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gallery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Musées]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cambodge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=5489</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Version vietnamienne Version&#160; anglaise Galerie des photos Un voyage virtuel à la découverte d&#8217;Angkor Choisi pour ses talents de dessinateur, Louis Delaporte fait partie de l&#8217;expédition dirigée par Doudard de Lagrée et Francis Garnier chargés de vérifier la navigabilité du</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-naissance-dun-mythe-delaporte/">Louis Delaporte et le Cambodge: Angkor. Naissance d&rsquo;un mythe.</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="#version_viet"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version vietnamienne</span></a><br />
<a href="#version_eng" rel="attachment wp-att-23512"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version&nbsp; anglaise</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-naissance-dun-mythe-delaporte/img_5474/" rel="attachment wp-att-23512"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-23512 alignleft" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5474.jpg" alt="" width="182" height="266" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5474.jpg 548w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5474-412x600.jpg 412w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" /></a></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 20px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Un voyage virtuel à la découverte d&rsquo;Angkor</span></p>
<hr>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Choisi pour ses talents de dessinateur, Louis Delaporte fait partie de l&rsquo;expédition dirigée par <span style="color: #ff9900;">Doudard de Lagrée </span>et <span style="color: #ff9900;">Francis Garnier</span> chargés de vérifier la navigabilité du fleuve Mékong (1866). Contrairement aux autres membres de l&rsquo;exploration, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Louis Delaporte</span> s&rsquo;intéresse seulement à la sculpture khmère lorsqu&rsquo;il découvre Angkor et ses ruines. Il en rapportera maintes documents originaux (dessins aquarelles, plans, moulages, sculptures originales etc.) que le musée Guimet tente de réunir aujourd&rsquo;hui pour honorer la mémoire d&rsquo;un savant habité par l&rsquo;esprit ouvert et curieux en un temps où le mépris envers les peuples colonisés est de règle.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_eng"></a>Chosen for his drawing talents, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Louis Delaporte</span> was part of the expedition led by <span style="color: #ff9900;">Doudard de Lagrée</span> and <span style="color: #ff9900;">Francis Garnier</span> tasked with assessing the navigability of the Mekong River (1866). Unlike the other members of the exploration, Louis Delaporte was only interested in Khmer sculpture when he discovered Angkor and its ruins. He brought back many original documents (watercolor drawings, plans, molds, original sculptures, etc.) that the Guimet Museum is now trying to gather to honor the memory of a scholar driven by an open and curious spirit at a time when contempt for colonized peoples was the norm.</span></p>
<hr>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_viet"></a>Nhờ&nbsp;tài năng họa sỹ, <span style="color: #ff9900;">Louis Delaporte</span>&nbsp;được tháp tùng phái đoàn thám hiểm sông<a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/mekong-river-cuu-long/"> Cửu Long</a> do<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Doudard de Lagrée</span> và <span style="color: #ff9900;">Francis Garnier</span> lãnh&nbsp;đạo nhằm &nbsp;mục&nbsp;đích&nbsp;để&nbsp;đánh giá sự giao thông của con sông vào năm 1866. Khác hẳn với mọi người trong phái&nbsp;đoàn, Louis Delaporte chỉ chú&nbsp;ý&nbsp;đến &nbsp;nghệ thuật&nbsp;điêu khắc của người Cao Miên khi&nbsp;ông khám phá Angkor và các di tích hư hỏng. &nbsp;Ông mang về Pháp rất nhiều tài liệu nguyên bản ( các bức tranh màu nước, các bản vẽ, các vật đúc khuôn, các tác phẩm&nbsp;điêu khắc vân vân &#8230;.) &nbsp;mà bảo tàng Guimet&nbsp;ở Paris cố gắng thu thập lại&nbsp;để tưởng nhớ và tôn vinh một nhà bác học&nbsp;đã có&nbsp;ở thời&nbsp;đó một tâm trí cởi mở và hiếu kỳ, một thời mà các dân&nbsp;ở các nước bị xâm chiếm thường bi khinh khi. Có một thời , các bảo vật nầy&nbsp;được giữ&nbsp;ở tu viện&nbsp;Saint Riquier (Somme), nay có dịp&nbsp;để bảo tàng viện Guimet trưng bày các bảo vật nầy. Hiện nay , các bảo vật nầy&nbsp;được xem như là một nguồn tài liệu bổ sung và ngoài lệ nhất là với tình trạng hư hỏng hiện nay của Angkor.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; text-decoration: underline;">Exposition du 16 Octobre 2013-13 Janvier 2014</span></span></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Cliquez pour voir les photos correspondantes</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Retirés des caves de l&rsquo;abbaye de Saint Riquier (Somme), ces moulages effectués lors de différentes missions de Louis Delaporte sont exposés actuellement au musée Guimet. Vu l&rsquo;état actuel de la détérioration du site actuel Angkor, ils apparaissent comme une source de documentation complémentaire et exceptionnelle.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Removed from the cellars of the<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Abbey of Saint Riquier</span> (Somme), these casts made during various missions of Louis Delaporte are currently exhibited at the <span style="color: #ff6600;">Guimet Museum</span>. Given the current state of deterioration of the Angkor site, they appear as an additional and exceptional source of documentation.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Được khai quật từ hầm rượu của Tu viện <span style="color: #ff6600;">Saint Riquier</span> (Somme), những bản đúc này được thực hiện trong các sứ mệnh khác nhau của Louis Delaporte hiện đang được trưng bày tại <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bảo tàng Guimet</span>. Xét đến tình trạng xuống cấp hiện tại của khu di tích Angkor, chúng dường như là một nguồn tư liệu bổ sung và đặc biệt.</span></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff9900; font-size: 24pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="photos"></a>Trở về thời&nbsp;đại vàng son của Angkor</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #ff6600;"><a style="color: #ff6600;" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/musees-nationaux/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return MUSEUM]</span></a></span></p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-naissance-dun-mythe-delaporte/">Louis Delaporte et le Cambodge: Angkor. Naissance d&rsquo;un mythe.</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Bayon (Angkor Thom)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2016 15:07:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cambodge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chenla]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=5465</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160; English version French version Galerie des photos Bayon là ngôi đền trung tâm của thành phố cổ Angkor Thom, kinh đô của các vị vua Khơ Me vào đầu thế kỷ 13. Đây là ngôi đền-núi cuối cùng được</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/">Bayon (Angkor Thom)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/bayon/" rel="attachment wp-att-5467"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-5467" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/bayon.jpg" alt="bayon" width="704" height="356" /></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon-temple-angkor-thom/">English version</a></span><br />
<a href="#version_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">French version</span></a><br />
<a href="#photos"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Galerie des photos</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Bayon là ngôi đền trung tâm của thành phố cổ <span style="color: #ff6600;">Angkor Thom</span>, kinh đô của các vị vua Khơ Me vào đầu thế kỷ 13. Đây là ngôi đền-núi cuối cùng được xây dựng bởi vua <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman VII</span>, người khôi phục quyền lực hoàng gia của vương quốc Khmer Angkor sau cuộc xâm lược của người Chăm. Kiến trúc trang trí đặc biệt phong phú của Bayon đạt đến đỉnh cao của nghệ thuật Phật giáo Đại thừa. Vị vua này đã dành riêng tượng đài này cho Đức Phật, người đã truyền bá giáo lý của Ngài bằng các tháp mặt. Có hơn 37 tháp hài hòa xung quanh một tháp trung tâm lớn, chính là thánh địa. Nhưng theo <span style="color: #ff9900;">Paul Mus</span>, người ta cho rằng có thể có nhiều hơn, có lẽ là 54 tháp với 216 mặt.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> Những tòa tháp này được xây dựng bằng cách xếp chồng các khối đá lên nhau mà không cần xi măng. Việc chạm khắc sẽ được thực hiện sau khi các khối đá được đặt vào đúng vị trí. Người Cao Miên cổ đại đã dùng sức mạnh cơ học nào để nâng những khối đá khổng lồ lên đến phần cao nhất của tòa nhà sau khi khai thác chúng từ những ngọn núi xa xôi, đánh bóng và điêu khắc chúng? Đây là câu hỏi thường ám ảnh <span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Mouhot</span> trong quá trình khám phá tàn tích Angkor. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ở bốn mặt của mỗi tòa tháp, người ta thấy những khuôn mặt khổng lồ với nụ cười bí ẩn, mỗi khuôn mặt hướng về một trong bốn phương chính. Du khách có cảm giác như đang bị theo dõi bởi ánh mắt nham hiểm của chúng. Đối với <span style="color: #ff9900;">Pierre Loti</span>, Bayon là ngọn núi đá nặng nhất mà con người dám xây dựng kể từ kim tự tháp <span style="color: #ff6600;">Memphis</span>. </span><br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-5472 alignleft" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5621.jpg" alt="img_5621" width="172" height="258" /><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Trong tác phẩm « Hành trình đến các Vương quốc Xiêm, Campuchia, Lào và các vùng Trung Đông Dương », <span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Mouhot</span>, người phát hiện ra tàn tích Angkor, đã để lại ấn tượng sâu sắc: Mặc dù vàng bạc và các loại màu sắc gần như đã biến mất hoàn toàn khỏi công trình, nhưng chỉ còn lại những viên đá. Nhưng chúng minh chứng cho thiên tài, sức mạnh và sự kiên nhẫn, tài năng, sự giàu có và quyền lực của người Cao Miên ngày xưa. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Một cuộc khai quật gần đây vào năm 1933 đã phát hiện ra hình ảnh vua <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman VII</span> dưới dạng một vị Phật trong phần còn lại của một bức tượng đá lớn cao 3,60 mét. Người xây dựng Bayon đang ngồi, hai chân gập lại trên thân hình cuộn tròn của thần rắn. Kể từ đó, khuôn mặt này, nụ cười huyền bí trên các tòa tháp <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bayon</span>, được cho là của vua Jayavarman VII. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="version_fra"></a>Bayon est le temple central de l&rsquo;ancienne ville d&rsquo;Angkor Thom, capitale des souverains khmers au début du XIIIème siècle. C&rsquo;est le dernier des temple-montagnes bâtis par le roi Jayavarman VII, restaurateur de puissance royale du royaume khmer d&rsquo;Angkor après l&rsquo;invasion des Chams. Sa décoration d&rsquo;une richesse exceptionnelle est à l&rsquo;apogée de l&rsquo;art bouddhique mahayana. Ce roi dédie ce monument à Bouddha dont il diffuse la doctrine avec ses tours à visages. Il y a plus que 37 tours harmonieuses autour d&rsquo;une grande tour centrale, le sanctuaire. mais on pense qu&rsquo;elles pourraient être plus nombreuses, peut être 54 tours avec 216 visages selon Paul Mus. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;">Bouddha roi au musée Guimet</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-5466 alignright" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645.jpg" alt="img_5645" width="254" height="169" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645.jpg 819w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IMG_5645-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px" /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Ces tours sont construites par la pose des blocs de pierre empilés les uns sur les autres sans aucun ciment. La sculpture sera faite après l&rsquo;achèvement de la mise en place de ces blocs rocheux. Quelle force mécanique ont- ils eu, les Cambodgiens d&rsquo;autrefois, pour soulever les blocs de pierre énormes jusqu&rsquo;aux parties les plus élevées de l&rsquo;édifice après les avoir extrait des montagnes éloignées, les avoir polis et sculptés? C&rsquo;est cette question qui a hanté fréquemment Henri Mouhot lors de la découverte des ruines d&rsquo;Angkor.</span></p>
<p><span style="color: #808080; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> On trouve sur les quatre faces de chaque tour des visages gigantesques au sourire énigmatique, chacun d&rsquo;eux tourné respectivement vers l&rsquo;un des quatre points cardinaux. Le visiteur a l&rsquo;impression d&rsquo;être suivi par leur regard glauque. Pour Pierre Loti, Bayon était la plus pesante montagne de pierres que les hommes ont osé entreprendre depuis les pyramides de Memphis.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Dans son ouvrage intitulé  » Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos et autres parties centrales de l&rsquo;Indochine »,<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Henri Mouhot</span>, le découvreur des ruines d&rsquo;Angkor, a laissé son impression: Malgré la disparition de l&rsquo;or et des couleurs qui ont presque totalement disparu de l&rsquo;édifice, il n&rsquo;y reste que des pierres. Mais celles-ci proclament haut le génie, la force et la patience, le talent, la richesse et la puissance des Cambodgiens d&rsquo;autrefois.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">On a découvert récemment lors d’une fouille réalisée en 1933, dans les restes brisés d’une grande statue de pierre de 3,60 m de hauteur, la représentation de <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman VII</span> en bouddha roi<span style="font-size: 20px;">.<span style="color: #999999;"> Le bâtisseur du Bayon est assis, les jambes repliées sur le corps lové du naga. Depuis lors, on a attribué ce visage au sourire mystique trouvé sur les faces des tours de Bayon à celui de Jayavarman VII.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;"><a id="photos"></a>Galerie des photos de Bayon</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return Empire khmer]</span></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bayon/">Bayon (Angkor Thom)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2016 07:05:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sites touristiques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chenla]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=5381</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Angkor Vat: joyau de l&#8217;architecture khmère English version French version Angkor Wat là ngọn núi đền thờ Khơ Me lớn và hùng vĩ nhất. Nó được xây dựng dưới triều đại của vua Suryavarman II vào nửa đầu thế kỷ</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/">Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px; color: #ff6600;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Angkor Vat: joyau de l&rsquo;architecture khmère</span></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/angkor_vat/" rel="attachment wp-att-5382"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-5382 aligncenter" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat.jpg" alt="angkor_vat" width="482" height="452" srcset="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat.jpg 638w, https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/angkor_vat-600x563.jpg 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-temple-mountain/">English version</a></span></p>
<p><a href="#version_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">French version</span></a><br />
<a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/picture-591/" rel="attachment wp-att-5416"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-5416 alignleft" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Picture-591.jpg" alt="picture-591" width="204" height="273" /></a></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Angkor Wat là ngọn núi đền thờ Khơ Me lớn và hùng vĩ nhất. Nó được xây dựng dưới triều đại của vua <span style="color: #ff9900;">Suryavarman II</span> vào nửa đầu thế kỷ 12. Nơi đây được coi là kinh đô của Đế chế Khmer, với đền thờ quốc gia dành riêng cho thần <span style="color: #ff9900;">Vishnu</span> ở trung tâm. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Chính tại đây, các tòa tháp  được dựng lên theo cách ngũ hợp. Hai đặc điểm chính của kiến ​​trúc Khmer được ghi nhận ở đây:<span style="font-size: 20px;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="color: #808080;"> các kim tự tháp hay núi đền thờ tượng trưng cho Núi Meru (nơi ở của các vị thần) và các hành lang được xây dựng chồng lên</span> nhau</span>.</span> Nhiều người coi đây là kỳ quan thứ tám của thế giới. Các ngọn núi đền thờ khác có thể tham quan: <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bakeng</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Takeo</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Baphuon</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Pre Rup</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bakong</span> và <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ak Yum</span>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #808080;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><a id="version_fra"></a>Angkor Vat est le temple-montagne le plus grand et le plus sublime de tous les temples khmers.</span></span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Il fut construit durant le règne de<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Sûryavarman II </span>dans la première moitié du XIIème siècle. Il a été considéré comme capitale de l&#8217;empire khmer ayant en son centre le temple d&rsquo;état dédié à <span style="color: #ff9900;">Vishnu</span>.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> C&rsquo;est ici que sont dressées les tours <span style="color: #ff6600;">en quinconce</span>.</span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #999999;"> Deux caractéristiques majeures de l&rsquo;architecture khmère y sont relevées: les pyramides ou temples-montagnes symbolisant le mont Méru (demeure des Dieux) et les galeries qui ont été construites l&rsquo;une au dessus de l&rsquo;autre. </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Beaucoup de gens le considèrent comme la huitième merveille du monde. D&rsquo;autres temples-montagnes peuvent êtres visités:<span style="color: #ff6600;"> Bakeng</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Takeo</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Baphuon</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Prè Rup</span>, <span style="color: #ff6600;">Bakong</span> et <span style="color: #ff6600;">Ak Yum</span>.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return Empire khmer]</span></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/angkor-vat-de-thien-de-thich/">Angkor Vat (Đế Thiên Đế Thích)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
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		<title>Banteay Srei (Chân Lạp)</title>
		<link>https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bansteay_srei/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[j050807]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Nov 2016 06:35:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sites touristiques]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art khmer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cambodge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chenla]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/?p=3053</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Banteay Srei, một viên ngọc của nghệ thuật Khơ Me English version  Version française Nằm cách Angkor 20 cây số về phía đông bắc và gần dưới chân núi Phnom Kulên, ngôi đền này được xây dựng vào thế kỷ thứ 10</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/bansteay_srei/">Banteay Srei (Chân Lạp)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr">Quêhươngtôi</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/banteay_srei.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-3055 aligncenter" src="http://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/banteay_srei.jpg" alt="banteay_srei" width="514" height="208" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">Banteay Srei, một viên ngọc của nghệ thuật Khơ Me</span></p>
<p><a href="#Vers_angl"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">English version </span></a><br />
<a href="#Vers_fra"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Version française</span></a></p>
<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Nằm cách Angkor 20 cây số về phía đông bắc và gần dưới chân núi Phnom Kulên, ngôi đền này được xây dựng vào thế kỷ thứ 10 bằng sa thạch màu hồng và đá ong ở triều đại của <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman V</span>. Đây là công trình của  một người đạo Bà La môn tên là <span style="color: #ff9900;">Yajnavaraha</span>. Ông nầy là cố vấn của vua<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Rajendravarman</span> và  sau đó là  thái phó của <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman V</span>. Ngoài sự đa dạng của đá sa thạch (chất liệu yêu thích của người Khơ Me) với sắc màu hồng ấm áp, phẩm chất  và vẻ đẹp của ngôi đền này được tìm thấy nhờ sự  tao nhã đặc biệt ở nơi các tác phẩm điêu khắc và  vẻ màu tươi tắn của  các vật trang trí thanh tao. Ngôi đền này đổi màu suốt cả ngày với ánh nắng mặt trời.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">Đền nầy  được người Pháp phát hiện vào năm 1914. Nó trở nên nổi tiếng vào năm 1923 khi nhà văn<span style="color: #ff9900;"> André Malraux</span> bị bắt vì tội che giấu 4 apsara. Ngôi đền này được gần đây có một cái tên có nghĩa là « thành của phụ nữ » được viện dẫn đến sự tinh tế của các đồ trang trí chạm khắc mà chỉ có thể được thực hiện bởi  các phụ nữ hoặc kích thước của đền rất nhỏ so với các ngôi đền khác. Việc phục hồi được thực hiện  xuất sắc bởi ông <span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Marchal </span>trong khoảng thời gian từ 1931 đến 1936  bằng cách sử dụng  phương pháp sùng tu « anastylose »  mà được người Hà Lan áp dụng.</span></p>
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.bwg_gal_description_3 {          margin: 20px 0;          word-break: break-word;          text-align: justify;          font-size: 15px;          font-weight: unset;        }        </style>        <div class="bwg_gal_title_3">Banteay_srei</div>            <div data-max-count="4"         data-thumbnail-width="120"         data-bwg="3"         data-gallery-id="182"         data-lightbox-url="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&amp;current_view=3&amp;gallery_id=182&amp;tag=0&amp;theme_id=1&amp;shortcode_id=497&amp;sort_by=filename&amp;order_by=asc&amp;current_url=%2Fcategory%2Fvan-hoa%2Fkhome%2Ffeed%2F"         id="bwg_thumbnails_3"         class="bwg-container-3 bwg-thumbnails bwg-standard-thumbnails bwg-container bwg-border-box">            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3970" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_408.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3970"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_408.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_408.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 408"                   title="SREI 408" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 408</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3969" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_410.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3969"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_410.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_410.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 410"                   title="SREI 410" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 410</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3968" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_416.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3968"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_416.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_416.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 416"                   title="SREI 416" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 416</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3967" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_417.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3967"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_417.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_417.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 417"                   title="SREI 417" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 417</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3966" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_423.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3966"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_423.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_423.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 423"                   title="SREI 423" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 423</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3965" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_424.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3965"                   data-width="300"                   data-height="400"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_424.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_424.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 424"                   title="SREI 424" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 424</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3964" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_425.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3964"                   data-width="300"                   data-height="400"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_425.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_425.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 425"                   title="SREI 425" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 425</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3963" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_426.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3963"                   data-width="300"                   data-height="400"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_426.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_426.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 426"                   title="SREI 426" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 426</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3962" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_428.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3962"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_428.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_428.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 428"                   title="SREI 428" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 428</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3960" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_431.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3960"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_431.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_431.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 431"                   title="SREI 431" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 431</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3959" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_437.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3959"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_437.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_437.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 437"                   title="SREI 437" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 437</div></div>                                        </div>          </div>        </div>                        </a>              </div>            <div class="bwg-item">        <a class="bwg-a  bwg_lightbox"  data-image-id="3958" href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/SREI_438.jpg?bwg=1589345300" data-elementor-open-lightbox="no">                <div class="bwg-item0 ">          <div class="bwg-item1 ">            <div class="bwg-item2">              <img decoding="async" class="skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_3 "                   data-id="3958"                   data-width="400"                   data-height="300"                   data-src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_438.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   src="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/thumb/SREI_438.jpg?bwg=1589345300"                   alt="SREI 438"                   title="SREI 438" />            </div>            <div class="">              <div class="bwg-title1"><div class="bwg-title2">SREI 438</div></div>                 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<p><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a id="Vers_fra"></a>Situé à 20 km au nord-est d&rsquo;Angkor et presqu&rsquo;au pied du mont Phnom Kulên, ce temple fut construit au X ème siècle dans du grès rose et de la latérite sous le règne de <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman V</span>. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;œuvre d&rsquo;un certain brahmane <span style="color: #ff9900;">Yajnavaraha</span>, conseiller du roi <span style="color: #ff9900;">Rajendravarman</span> puis gourou d<span style="color: #ff9900;">e Jayavarman V</span>. Outre la variété de grès (matériau de prédilection des Khmers) aux chaudes tonalités de rose, la qualité et la beauté de ce temple se retrouvent dans la finesse exceptionnelle des sculptures et la fraîcheur de ses décorations raffinées. Ce temple change de couleur au fil de la journée suivant l&rsquo;ensoleillement.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Il fut découvert par les Français en 1914. Il devint célèbre en 1923 lorsque l&rsquo;écrivain <span style="color: #ff9900;">André Malraux</span> a été arrêté pour la dissimulation de 4 apsaras.<span style="color: #808080;"> On donne à ce temple une appellation récente signifiant « citadelle des femmes » en référence à la délicatesse des décorations sculptées qui n&rsquo;auraient pu être faites que par des femmes ou à sa petite taille par rapport aux autres temples. </span>La restauration fut effectuée par <span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Marchal</span></span> entre 1931 et 1936 d&rsquo;une manière remarquable en se servant de  l&rsquo;anastylose adoptée par les Hollandais.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff9900;">Un joyau de l&rsquo;art khmer</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><a id="Vers_angl"></a>Located 20 km northeast of Angkor and almost at  the foot of mount Phnom Kulên, this temple was built in the Xth century in pink sandstone and laterite under the <span style="color: #ff9900;">Jayavarman V</span> reign. It is the work of  king<span style="color: #ff9900;"> Rajendravarman</span>&lsquo;s adviser, a certain Brahman<span style="color: #ff6600;"><span style="color: #ff9900;"> Yajnavaraha</span> </span> and guru of Jayavarman V. Besides the variety of stoneware (preferred material of the Khmers) in the warm tones of pink, the quality and beauty of this temple are found in the exceptional delicacy of sculptures and the freshness of its sophisticated decorations. Depending on the period of sunshine, this temple changes colour through the day.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">It was discovered by the French people in 1914. It became famous in 1923 when French writer <span style="color: #ffcc99;"><span style="color: #ff9900;">André Malrau</span>x</span> was arrested for dissimulating</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> 4 apsaras. One gives to this temple a recent appelation naming ”<span style="color: #ffcc99;"><span style="color: #ff6600;"> citadel of wome</span>n </span>” in reference to the delicacy of the sculptured decorations that could have been made only by women or its small size compared with  other temples. The restoration was made by <span style="color: #ff9900;">Henri Marchal </span>between 1931 and 1936 in a remarkable way by using the technique of  anastylosis adopted by Dutch people.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vietnammonpaysnatal.fr/empire-khmer/"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;">[Return Empire Khmer]</span></a></p>
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